9. The efficient effort allocation and the maximum sustainable yield effort allocation EM for fisheries are equal when: a. The curve TC=0 is a horizontal line coinciding over the horizontal axis and its slope MC is zero. MB = MC > 0. TB = TC. b. C.
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- 11 When performing a benefit cost analysis of different options to provide clean water to a community, the option that should be chosen is the option that maximizes the benefit to cost ratio. True or False?1. Which best describes the decision criterion for implementing either a private or public project? a) Costs should not exceed benefits. b) A cost-to-benefit ratio should be less than unity. c) Benefits should exceed costs. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 2. Which of the following does not represent a potential issue when using the contingent valuation method? a) Precise explanation of environmental attribute being valued. b) Possibility of respondents ignoring income constraint and ignoring availability of substitutes of goods being valued. c) Possibility of respondents misstating their willingness to pay. d) Inappropriate for estimating non-use value of resources. 3. The rate at which future money is discounted in a cost-benefit analysis is referred to as the… a) Real rate b) Nominal inflation rate c) Discount rate d) Time preference rate e) Social rateAssume the following: A community, Manatee, has a small groundwater aquifer, with water to allocate over 2 years. Assume that this resource is non-renewable. Each year is labeled Period 1 and 2, respectively. Use 2 decimal places throughout your work. Water reserves = 12,000 litres, to be allocated over Period 1 & Period 2 Interest rates are at 8% Marginal Benefits: MB1 = 5000 - ½Q1 , MB2 = 5000 - ½Q2 Marginal Costs of extraction: MC1 = 120 , MC2 = 120 (a) What is the optimal allocation of water, under a static efficiency allocation, for both periods? (b) What should the dynamic optimal allocations be (quantities and prices) in Period 1 and Period 2?
- 3) The supply and demand of sugar are given as Qs = 5P, Qd = 250- P where Qs is tons supplied per year, P is the price per ton; Qd is tons demanded per year. Because of the pollution associated with production, marginal external costs of 40 are associated with each ton of sugar. Assuming that sugar is sold in a competitive market, a) What is the market price? How many tons of paper will be produced per year at that price? b) What is the efficient output of paper? c) What is the amount of total Pigouvian tax to achieve efficiency? d) What is the amount of total Pigouvian subsidy to achieve efficiency?2. (Resolving the Common-Pool Problem) Why have authori- ties found it so difficult to regulate the fishing catch in the open ocean to allow for a sustainable yield?Respond to the question with a concise and accurate answer, along with a clear explanation and step-by-step solution, or risk receiving a downvote. Assume a reservoir’s water supply of 25,000 acre-feet of water can be used for municipal (m) and/or agricultural (a) purposes. The total benefits for each use are described as: TBa = 1000Wa – 0.025Wa2 So, the Marginal Benefit for agriculture is: MBa = 1000 – 0.05 Wa TBm = 1500Wm – 0.1Wm2 So, the Marginal Benefit for municipal purposes is: MBm = 1500 – 0.2 Qm Where Wa is acre feet of water used in agriculture and Wm is acre feet of water used for municipal purposes b. Suppose an additional 1,000 acre feet of water could be had by constructing a new reservoir. What is the new efficient allocation of water for each category of use?
- Discuss any two of the eight infrastructure investments prioritised bythe NDP in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (Todaro &Smith, 2020:17). Answer the following Question:• Indicate to which degree each infrastructure investment alignswith one or more of the Sustainable Development Goals. Note: The chosen infrastrucutre investments are Transportation and sustainable cities and communities.Three neighboring towns – Marshland, Dampland, and Wetland – all border the same lake. The lake frequently floods causing damage to property in all three towns. Each town would benefit from flood mitigation, but the level of benefits differs. With Z representing the level of mitigation: for Marshland, MB = 3 – Z for Dampland, MB = 4 – 2Z for Wetland, MB = 11- Z The marginal cost of flood mitigation is MC = 2 + 12Z Questions: ***Please Note*** Previous Expert Calculated: Z = 16/3 as the Solution to (a) Math Solver Calculates: Z = 1 ***Please Resolve*** (a) What is the socially optimal level of Z? (b) What would each individual town be willing to pay for this level of flood mitigation? (c) The representative from Wetland proposes that each town pay an equal share for the optimal level of flood mitigation. Would…A cost-benefit analysis of a new irrigation project indicates that the net benefits (B C) of the project in each of the first four years will be $2 million. Thereafter, the project will yield positive net benefits of $750,000 for the next 20 years. Calculate the present value of benefits minus costs when the social rate of discount is 10 percent. You can use spreadsheet software to do this calculation. Does the program merit approval? How would the present value of the net benefits change if the social rate of discount were 15 percent?
- -When should a private good be produced from an efficiency standpoint? a-When the sum of all of society’s marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost b-When the marginal benefit from consumption exceeds the marginal cost c-When the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit from consumption d-When the marginal cost exceeds the sum of all of society’s marginal benefit -Suppose the government provides some amount of a public good, but it results in a reduction of private market’s production of the good by the same amount as the government produced. In this case, a-the warm glow effect caused an increase in the net amount of the public good. b-private provision is fully crowded out. c-private provision is partially crowded out. d-private provision is not crowded out.Suppose a Farmer has a fixed resource of 80 acres planted in corn. If the farmer does not cultivate the cornfield (clear the weeds) at all, the yeild will be 40 bushels per acre. If he cultivates the land onece, putput may rise to 50 bushels per acre. A second cultivation may increase output to 57 bushels per acres, a third to 61, and a fourth to 63. What will succeeding cultiation do?In reference to figure 1 consider bioeconomic model of fisheries and answer the questions a & b. a. In no more than 500 words critically assess and explain how the bioeconomic model explains the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). b. In no more than 500 words explain the consequences regarding resource sustainability and economic viability.