A 38 y/o woman has an abnormal Pap smear. Iodine staining of the cervix shows multiple no staining foci. What is the diagnosis ? A) Adenoma B)carcinoma C)fibroma D)papilloma E)Sarcoma

Q: Are humans still evolving as species? Please think about the story of human evolution uncovered…

A: Introduction  Evolution is the process by which species change over time through the mechanism of…

Q: Relate three importance of obtaining cell densities using cell counters in other fields in Biology.

A: Introduction  A cell is the basic unit of life and the smallest functional and structural unit of…

Q: malaria and heminths co-infection - their interactions with the host; - implications in/or…

A: Introduction  Infection is a condition that occurs when a pathogenic organism, such as a virus,…

Q: 10. Height is controlled by hundreds of genes. For simplicity's sake, assume that only 10 genes…

A: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or RNA…

Q: Trace the flow of the CSF

A: Body fluids are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. They are critical in…

Q: P=E+G Probability Trihybrid Polygenic Pleiotropic Dosage 1:2:1 III E E ||| E III III E III…

A: Phenotypic traits are the physical characteristics and Genotype refers to the genetic makeup.

Q: This figure depicts the energy investment phase of glycolysis. Enzymes catalyzing the reactions are…

A: Introduction: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the…

Q: draw a curve that compares time on the X axis and "relative" antibody titer to microbe J on the Y…

A: Introduction  The immune response is a complex biological process that occurs in the body to protect…

Q: What are the iodine requirements in dogs and cats? 2.Mention important facts about iodine in…

A: Iodine is essential in the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolic rate of the…

Q: Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is used to study:

A: Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is used to study gene expression by studying mRNA.

Q: Tay-Sachs is a recessive disease that causes nerve cells to malfunction and results in death by age…

A: Introduction :-  Tay-Sachs is a rare, inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in…

Q: how to interpret data using FRAP, Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching?

A: Introduction Cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest structural and functional unit of all…

Q: In prokaryotes, transcription and translation are said to be coupled. This can only happen in…

A: Prokaryotic is a wide group of organisms including organisms without a distinct nuclear membrane and…

Q: You treat a cell with a fluorescently-labelled antibody that recognizes microtubules, and you…

A: Microorganisms are valuable tools for studying evolution and genetics, as they can be easily…

Q: 7. Compare the job of the abnormal CFTR protein that causes CF to the normal cellular protein.…

A: CFTR (Cystic fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator ) is a cell-membrane spanning ion channel protein,…

Q: Case Study 1: Jane and Ken have a "blended family" of four children, not all of whom are related to…

A: In case of conventional reproduction, bands must be contributed both by father and mother. In sperm…

Q: Which of the numbered bonds in this polypeptide fragment are peptide bond(s)? (Select all that…

A: Peptide bond also known as amide bond is formed when two amino acid residues are joined together.…

Q: Exercise 1. Comparison of Digestive Tracts Animal type Hydra Earthworm Grasshopper Diet/Type of…

A: Digestive tract also known as gastrointestinal tract consists of hollow organs from mouth to anus.…

Q: 10. Te cells are distinguished from the other cell types by producing A). T cell receptors (TCR).…

A: Tc cells, also known as cytotoxic T-cells or CD8+ T-cells, are a type of T-cell that play a crucial…

Q: 5. Define cellular respiration. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular…

A: Respiration is the process by which living organisms convert nutrients into energy. It involves the…

Q: (a) Processive synthesis 1. (b) DNA unwinding 3'= MINNNNNNNNN (c) Helical DNA untwisting 3' 2 5 (d)…

A: ALL DNA synthesis starts from primers… and DNA replication begins with the synthesis of primers.…

Q: 18. Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is treat- able by restricting lactose and glucose…

A: Introduction :- Twins are two offspring produced in the same pregnancy. There are two types of…

Q: Dapagliflozin is a inhibitor of the sodium glucose cotransporter so does Dapagliflozin cause glucose…

A: Dapagliflozin is called as the inhibitor of the sodium glucose cotransporter. This is responsible…

Q: Global agricultural land show how much percent of signs of degradation due to current agricultural…

A: Introduction :- Agricultural land is defined as land that is used for farming activities such as…

Q: 4. Desulfovibrio africanus is an organotroph that carries out anaerobic respiration using two of the…

A: The use of specific redox couples in the electron transfer process is determined by the enzymes and…

Q: Step by step thyroid synthesis

A: Several diverse biological processes depend heavily on thyroid hormones. Their main function is to…

Q: Describe why a biofilm is so resistant and able to withstand standard antibiotics. What…

A: Communities of bacteria that stick to surfaces and create a matrix of extracellular polymeric…

Q: Which of the following statements about this monohybrid cross are true? Select all that apply. U 00…

A: Introduction  A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals that are heterozygous…

Q: ______________ is an organism capable forming nutritional organic substances (food) from simple…

A: Plants obtain nutrition through a combination of processes, including photosynthesis, absorption,…

Q: Do virtual restriction digests of 300ng pGLO plasmid using HinDIII, EcoRI, and XhoI separately, and…

A: DNA restriction enzymes cleaves the DNA at specific sites. These recognition sites have DNA…

Q: 3) Intravenously injection of calcium chloride solution caused the animal's heart to stop. Explain…

A: Introduction  Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency where the heart suddenly stops beating or beats…

Q: 20. A dried blood spot can be collected using a cotton swab moistened with A. EDTA C. distilled…

A: Introduction :- Aspermia is a condition in which no spermatozoa are present in the seminal fluid,…

Q: Hello, I did a Natural Transformation lab and have these questions to answer but don't really…

A: Natural transformation is a process by which some bacterial cells can take up and incorporate…

Q: What are the possible solutions to the problem of climate change?

A: Climate change refers to significant changes in global or regional climate patterns that occur over…

Q: Why don’t birds have a bladder?

A: Introduction: Birds are a unique and diverse group of animals that have evolved many adaptations to…

Q: How can we use dihybrid cross in understanding Mendelian genetics?

A: Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that adheres to the principles proposed by…

Q: Amino acids carried by each tRNA (according to dictionary, below)

A: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are responsible for carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome…

Q: Explain why the process of Anaerobic Respiration is so important

A: Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process by which cells break down glucose in the absence of…

Q: What is BLAST and How did it improve upon the alignment methods used previous to its development?

A: BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) is a widely used software tool for comparing biological…

Q: 4. Another name for platelets is A. erythrocytes C. thrombocytes B. leukocytes D. granulocytes…

A: Blood is a specialized fluid, made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.…

Q: A couple named Bob and Brené have 2 children: Angela (female) and Arnold (male). Arnold has sickle…

A: Pedigree analysis is a diagrammatic representation of an individual's family tree that is used to…

Q: vl Q3. Péclet number – We've seen the Péclet number Pé = as a useful metric to determine if stirring…

A: A peclet number is basically a dimensionless number and is mainly used in fluid mechanics. This is…

Q: Most people know feathers are important for flight. What other functions do feathers serve?

A: Feathers, which are essentially epidermal protrusions or overgrowth developed in particular tracts…

Q: This pedigree shows the inheritance of an autosomal dominant disorder. Il-1 and II-2 plan to have…

A: Introduction :  A pedigree analysis chart shows how a specific gene or organism and its ancestors…

Q: the concentraiton of partleces in a hyperosmotic solution is greater than in a hypoosmotic solution…

A: Introduction :- Hyperosmotic refers to a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes…

Q: Which of the following statements are true? Selectins a. circulate in blood as free proteins. b. are…

A: The cell to cell interaction is mediated by different interacting molecules which helps in…

Q: 7. If a woman with type A blood, whose mom had type O blood, is married to a man with type AB blood,…

A: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary substance that contains the blueprints for all…

Q: Study the sea star development slides, including early and late stages and identify the following…

A: Introduction :- Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates that includes starfish (also known…

Q: 63. In an isolated population, a single mutation allele of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane…

A: We are given frwquency of mutant allele for CFTR gene. We have to calculate the frequency of…

Q: An individual of genotype AA Bb Cc DD Ee is testcrossed. Assuming that the loci undergo independent…

A: Introduction: A test cross is a genetic cross used to determine the genotype of an individual…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.