A 3m deep sand layer has a specific gravity of 2.68 and a void ratio of 0.60. Under this layer is a 2.5m deep clay profile with a specific gravity of 2.7 and a moisture content of 30%. The water table is observed at 1m below the ground surface. Under the clay layer is a sand profile. Determine the degree of consolidation if the ground surface has a surcharge of 75kPa.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.