A 400mm concrete wall supports a DL = 200 kN and a LL = 146 kN. The allowable bearing pressure is 216 KPa at the bottom level of the footing which is 1.2m below the grade line. Weight of concrete is 24 kN/m and the soil is 16 kN/m3. Thickness of footing is 300mm with effective depth of 225mm. Determine and discuss the following: (a) Effective soil pressure (b) Width of the wall footing (c) Nominal shear force of the footing

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.