(a) (b) (c) With reference to these data, compare the contribution of each ecosystem to global natural capital and natural income. Describe the major pattern of atmospheric circulation between 0 and 0 latitude and explain how this influences the mean net primary productivity of the two terrestrial ecosystems shown above. Explain how atmospheric and oceanic currents give rise to the higher productivity in upwelling zones off the Peruvian coast, and how El Niño phenomena may affect this productivity
Nutrient Cycle
The chemical nutrients that are essential for the synthesis of living matter are taken from the physical environment. After the death and decomposition of living organisms, they are returned to the environment to be used over and again. This cyclic back and forth regenerative movement of chemical elements between organisms and their physical environment is known as the biogeochemical cycle or nutrient cycle. Since these elements serve as the essential chemical nutrients of organisms, their cyclic movements are also called nutrient cycling or mineral cycling. Minerals are not uniformly distributed all over the ecosystems but are more concentrated in specific compartments, called pools. The major biogeochemical cycles include the water cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, calcium cycle, sulfur cycle, etc.
Biosphere
The geologist Eduard Sues coined the term biosphere. The biosphere is characterized as a part of the earth, which includes ground and air. Moreover, the organisms on earth live in the biosphere. The biosphere is a confined area on the earth's surface where water, soil, and air combine to promote life. Several different types of life exist here.
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The table below provides data relating to the productivity and biomass of two terrestrial and
two marine ecosystem types.
Ecosystem type
Tropical rainforest
Desert
Open ocean
Upwelling zones
Mean net primary
productivity per
unit area / g m² yr¹
2200
90
125
500
World net primary
productivity / 10⁹ tyr¹
7.4
1.6
41.5
0.2
World biomass
/ 10⁰ t
765
1
1
0.008
[Source: Modified from J Tivy, (1993), Biogeography - a study of plants in the ecosphere, Longman]
(a) With reference to these data, compare the contribution of each ecosystem to global natural
capital and natural income.
(b) Describe the major pattern of atmospheric circulation between 0 and 0 latitude and
explain how this influences the mean net primary productivity of the two terrestrial
ecosystems shown above.
(c) Explain how atmospheric and oceanic currents give rise to the higher productivity in
upwelling zones off the Peruvian coast, and how El Niño phenomena may affect
this productivity.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F119d1bed-9b12-43b4-801e-dd3337ce3687%2F788036e6-56e1-4cf7-8f7d-fc322085841c%2Fp5ts7c_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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