1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter10: Nuclear Physics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 10.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Nucleus X is two times larger than nucleus Y. What is the ratio of their... Problem 10.2CYU: Check Your Understanding If the binding energy per nucleon is large, does this make it harder easier... Problem 10.3CYU: Check Your Understanding A radioactive nuclide has a high decay rate. What does this mean for its... Problem 10.4CYU: Check Your Understanding In radioactive beta decay, does the atomic mass number, A, increase or... Problem 10.5CYU: Check Your Understanding Which has a larger energy yield per fission reaction, a large or small... Problem 10.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Where does the energy from the Sun originate? Problem 10.7CYU: Check Your Understanding Radiation propagates in all directions from its source, much as... Problem 1CQ: Define and make clear distinctions between the terms neutron, nucleon, nucleus, and nuclide. Problem 2CQ: What are isotopes? Why do isotopes of the same atom share the same chemical properties? Problem 3CQ: Explain why a bound system should have less mass than its components. Why is this not observed... Problem 4CQ: Why is the number of neutrons greater than the number of protons in stable nuclei that have an A... Problem 5CQ: To obtain the most precise value of the binding energy per nucleon, it is important to take into... Problem 6CQ: How is the initial activity rate of a radioactive substance related to its half-life? Problem 7CQ: For the carbon dating described in this chapter, what impoiiant assumption is made about the time... Problem 8CQ: What is the key difference and the key similarity between beta ( ) decay and alpha decay? Problem 9CQ: What is the difference between rays and characteristic X-rays and visible light? Problem 10CQ: What characteristics of radioactivity show it to be nuclear in origin and not atomic? Problem 11CQ: Consider Figure 10.12. If the magnetic field is replaced by ail electric field pointed in toward the... Problem 12CQ: Why is Earth’s core molten? Problem 13CQ: Should an atomic bomb really be called nuclear bomb? Problem 14CQ: Why does a chain reaction occur dining a fission reaction? Problem 15CQ: In what way is ail atomic nucleus like a liquid drop? Problem 16CQ: Explain the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Problem 17CQ: Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier nuclei release energy? Problem 18CQ: IB. Wliv is a PET scan more accurate than a SPECT scan? Problem 19CQ: Isotopes that emit a radiation are relatively safe outside the body and exceptionally hazardous... Problem 20CQ: Ionizing radiation can impair the ability of a cell to repair DNA. What are the three wavs the cell... Problem 21P: Find the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and neutron numbers for (a) 2958Cu,(b) 1124Na , (c)... Problem 22P: Silver has two stable isotopes. The nucleus, 47107Ag , has atomic mass 106.905095 g/mol with an... Problem 23P: The mass (M) and the radius (r) of a nucleus can be expressed in terms of the mass number, A. (a)... Problem 24P: A particle has a mass equal to 10 u. If this mass is converted completely into energy, how much... Problem 25P: Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass of 1.0 kg and the density of nuclear matter. Problem 26P: The detail that you can observe using a probe is limited by its wavelength, Calculate the energy of... Problem 27P: How much energy would be released if six hydrogen atoms and six neutrons were combined to form 612C... Problem 28P: Find the mass defect and the binding energy for the helium-4 nucleus. Problem 29P: 56 Fe is among the most tightly bound of all nuclides.It makes up more than 90% of natural iron.... Problem 30P: is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BEN is low compared with medium-mass nuclides. Calculate BEN... Problem 31P: (a) Calculate BEN for 235U, the rarer of the two most common uranium isotopes; (b) Calculate BEN for... Problem 32P: The fact that BEN peaks at roughly A = 60 implies that the range of the strong nuclear force is... Problem 33P: A sample of radioactive material is obtained from a very old rock. A plot InA verses t yieldsa slope... Problem 34P: Show that: T=1. Problem 35P: The half-life of strondum-91, 3891Sris 9.70 h. Find (a) its decay constant and (b) for an initial... Problem 36P: A sample of pure carbon-14 ( T1/2=5730y ) has an activity of 1.0Ci . What is the mass of the sample? Problem 37P: A radioactive sample initially contains 2.40102 mol of a radioactive material whose half-life is... Problem 38P: An old campfire is uncovered during an archaeological dig. Its charcoal is found to contain less... Problem 39P: Calculate the activity R , in curies of 1.00 g of 226Ra. (b) Explain why your answer is not exactly... Problem 40P: Natural uranium consists of 235U(percent abundance = 0.7200%, =3.121017/s ) and 238U (percent... Problem 41P: World War II aircraft bad instruments with glowing radium-painted dials. The activity of one such... Problem 42P: , The 210Po source used in a physics laboratory is labeled as having an activity of 1.0Cion the date... Problem 43P: Armor-piercing shells with depleted uranium cores are fired by aircraft at tanks. (The high density... Problem 44P: undergoes alpha decay, (a) Write the reaction equation, (b) Find the energy released in the decay. Problem 45P: (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U . (b) What fraction of the mass of a single... Problem 46P: The particles emitted in the decay of 3H (tritium) interact with matter to create light in a glow-... Problem 47P: (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr, a major waste product of nuclear reactors, (b) Find... Problem 48P: Write a nuclear decay reaction that produces the 90Y nucleus. (Hint: The parent nuclide is a major... Problem 49P: Write the complete decay equation in the complete ZAXNnotation for the beta ()decay of 3H (tritium),... Problem 50P: If a 1.50-cm-thick piece of lead can absorb 90.0% of the rays from a radioactive source, how many... Problem 51P: An electron can interact with a nucleus through the beta-decay process: ZAX+eY+ve Write the complete... Problem 52P: (a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by 15O. (b) Calculate the energy... Problem 53P: A rare decay mode has been observed in which 222Raemits a 14C nucleus. (a) The decay equation is... Problem 54P: A large power reactor that has been in operation for some months is tinned off, but residual... Problem 55P: (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron- induced fission n+238U96Sr+140Xe+3n , given... Problem 56P: (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron- Induced fission reaction n+235U92Kr+142Ba+2n ,... Problem 57P: The electrical power output of a large nuclear reactor facility is 900 MW. It has a 35.0% efficiency... Problem 58P: Find the total energy released if 1.00 kg of 92235U were to undergo fission. Problem 59P: Verify that the total number of nucleons, and total charge are conserved for each of the following... Problem 60P: Calculate the energy output in each of the fusion reactions in the proton-proton chain, and verify... Problem 61P: Show that the total energy released in the proton- proton chain is 26.7 MeV, considering the overall... Problem 62P: Two fusion reactions mentioned in the text are n+3He4He+and n+1H2H+. Both reactions release energy,... Problem 63P: The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton... Problem 64P: Another set of reactions that fuses hydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter stars... Problem 65P: (a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of a 1.00-kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which... Problem 66P: What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1-Gy X-ray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c)... Problem 67P: Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10-mSv fluoroscopic X-ray series, (b) 50 mSv of skin... Problem 68P: Find the mass of 239Puthat has an activity of 1.00Ci . Problem 69P: In the 19805, the term picowave was used to describe food irradiation in order to overcome public... Problem 70P: What is the dose in Sv in a cancer treatment that exposes the patient to 200 Gy of rays? Problem 71P: One half the rays from 99mTcare absorbed by a 0.170-mm-thicklead shielding. Half of the y rays that... Problem 72P: How many Gy of exposure is needed to give a cancerous tumor a dose of 40 Sv if it is exposed to a... Problem 73P: A plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a whole - body dose of 30 mSv in 15 minutes while... Problem 74P: Calculate the dose in rem/y for the lungs of a weapons plant employee who inhales and retains an... Problem 75AP: The wiki-phony site states that the atomic mass of chlorine is 40 g/mol. Check this result. Hint:... Problem 76AP: A particle physicist discovers a neutral particle with a mass of 2.02733 u that he assumes is two... Problem 77AP: A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of uranium ore (T1/2=2.348107y) . (a) Use die decay... Problem 78AP: A group of scientists use carbon dating to date a piece of wood to be 3 billion years old. Why... Problem 79AP: According to your lab partner, a 2.00-cm-thick sodium-iodide crystal absorbs all but 10% of lays... Problem 80AP: In the science section of the newspaper, an article reports the efforts of a group of scientists to... Problem 81AP: The ceramic glaze on a red-orange “Fiestaware” plate is U2O3and contains 50.0 grams of 238U, but... Problem 82AP: Large amounts of depleted uranium (238U)are available as a by-product of uranium processing for... Problem 83AP: A piece of wood from an ancient Egyptian tomb is tested for its carbon-14 activity. It is found to... Problem 84CP: This problem demonstrates that the binding energy of the electron in the ground state of a hydrogen... Problem 85CP: The Galileo space probe was launched on its long journey past Venus and Earth in 1989, with an... Problem 86CP: Find the energy emitted in the decay of 60Co . Problem 87CP: Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and, if necessary, repair equipment in nuclear power... Problem 88CP: If two nuclei are to fuse in a nuclear reaction, they must be moving fast enough so that the... Problem 89CP: For the reaction, sw n+3He4He+ , find the amount of energy transfers to 4Heand (oil the right side... Problem 90CP: Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and, if necessary, repair equipment in medical... Problem 77AP: A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of uranium ore (T1/2=2.348107y) . (a) Use die decay...
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A certain chemical reaction requires of 4.82 X104 J
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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