A change in ion (salt) concentrations in an animal’s body may result ina. altered membrane potentials that disrupt normal cell function.b. disruption of certain biochemical processes that occur in the cell.c. movement of water between fluid compartments.d. a and b only.e. a, b, and c.
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A change in ion (salt) concentrations in an animal’s body may result in
a. altered membrane potentials that disrupt normal cell function.
b. disruption of certain biochemical processes that occur in the cell.
c. movement of water between fluid compartments.
d. a and b only.
e. a, b, and c.
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- Most of the water in an animal’s bodya. lacks any type of dissolved ions or other solutes.b. is found in the spaces between cells.c. is contained inside the cells.d. is located in the extracellular fluid.e. is unable to move between body compartments.Which of the statements about the use of chemical energy for biological functions is INCORRECT? A) Some chemical energy is used for metabolic maintenance B)Some chemical energy is used to manufacture molecular and cellular components C) Some chemical energy is irreversibly lost in the form of heat D) All manufactured molecular and cellular components are kept by the animal itself E) The three major types of physiological work done are biosynthesis, maintenance, and external workAmong the membrane transporters, the channels require energy and therefore are involved in active transport. * D. Disagree, because channels are not proteins and therefore are not involved in active tranport. A. Agree, because channels are associated with H+-ATPase. B. Disagree, because the pumps are the ones involved in active transport. C. Agree, because channels are proteins involved in active transport.
- The energy source for movements of Na* and K* during an action potential is a. the Na*/K* ATPase b. the thermal energy in the cell membrane c. the concentration gradients for the ions d. determined by the lipids of the cell membrane e. the negative charge of the extracellular fluid relative to the cytosolThe negatively charged intracellular environment and resulting resting membranepotential of neurons and muscle cells fundamentally develops because of:A. the presence of a high extracellular potassium concentration.B. the presence of negatively charged intracellular proteins.C. the high electron concentration found in the extracellular fluidsD. the presence of voltage-gated-sodium channellsWhich of the following is a function of the rough ER?a. production of proteinsb. detoxification of certain substancesc. synthesis of steroid hormonesd. regulation of intracellular calcium concentration
- 1. When all the protein carriers are used up, the carriers are said to be A. Adapted B. Unsaturated C. Saturated D. Consumed 2. The proteins that constantly transport sodium ions outside the membrane is called A. Membrane pump B. Calcium-potassium pump C. Sodium-potassium pump D. Glucose-potassium pump E. Protein-potassium pump 3. The process in the question above gets its energy from A. ADP B. ACT C. PTA D. ATP E. TPAWhich of the following is TRUE of sharks and other osmoconformers? A. The solute concentration inside the organism is maintained at a higher level by active import of solutes. B. The total solute concentration is the same inside and outside of the organism C. The solute concentration inside the organism is maintained at a lower level by active export of solutes. D. The NaCl concentration is the same inside and outside of the organismThe proteins that constantly transport sodium ions outside the membrane is called A. Membrane pump B. Calcium-potassium pump C. Sodium-potassium pump D. Glucose-potassium pump E. Protein-potassium pump The process in the question above gets its energy from A. ADP B. ACT C. PTA D. ATP E. TPA
- The sodium–potassium pumpa. helps establish an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.b. concentrates sodium on the outside of the membrane.c. uses a carrier protein and chemical energy.d. is present in the plasma membrane.e. All of these are correct.Glycolipids and glycoproteins on membranes are most directly involved in _____________. Select one: a. cellular communication b. respiration c. cell energetics d. protein synthesis e. creating a nonzero membrane potentialWhich of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct? A) Both sodium and potassium move down their concentration gradient across the membrane B) 2 sodium ions are pumped out of the cell against their concentration gradient C) The sodium-potassium pump is a type of cotransport. D) ATP is used as an energy source