A cloud is observed to commence formation at a temperature of-61° C and continues to cooldue to emission of infrared radiation.a) Determine the partial pressure (Pa) and density of water vapour (mg/m³) in the air beforecloud formation commenced.b) Determine the partial pressure (Pa) and density of water vapour (mg/m³) in the cloud when thetemperature is -63° C.c) Calculate the ice water content (mg/m³) in the cloud when the temperature is −63° C.Use Table 1.Table 1. Saturated water vapour pressure and density.Temperature (°C)Saturated Water VapourPressure (Pa)-60-61-62-63-64-651.1000.96120.83820.73000.63490.5515Saturated Water VapourDensity (mg/m³)11.1929.8198.6037.5286.5795.742 Wien's displacement Law: Ap=2898/TumKirchoff's Law: absorptivity = emissivityFlux of solar Radiation at Earth: F, = T1370 Watts/m²Effective Radiating Temperature for the Earth (current climate): T₂ = 255 KBeer's Law: 1(x) = 1(0) exp[-x]; x = kpdx = fondxOptical cross section: k inForce of buoyancy: Fg = gkgIdeal Gas Law: P = pRT; R = 287 J Kg¹ KIdeal Gas Law: P = nkT; k=1.381x 1023 J/KIdeal Gas Law for Water Vapour: e=p, R, T; R = 461.5 J Kg¹ K-¹Hydrostatic Equation:=-pgBarometric Law: P(z) = P(0) exp(-); H = RT/g; P. = 100 × 10³ Pa; g = 9.81 m/s²(Po-P)(T-T₂)PTodTAdiabatic Lapse Rate:dzor o in-m²moleculeCp= gFirst Law of Thermodynamics: &q= c₂ dT + P da or 8q = cp dT - 1 dpSpecific Heat Capacity for Air: c=1005;CAPER-9.8 °C/kmELSoLFCPotential Temperature: 0 = TBrunt-Vaisala Frequency, or Buoyancy Frequency: N² = 98=0 dzLatent Heat of Condensation for water: 2535 J/gLatent Heat of Sublimation for water: 2834 J/gLesClausius-Clapeyron Equation: dTR₂T²Solution to C-C equation: ()esoJouleskg-deg C= exp{ (- ĐSaturated (Wet) Adiabatic Lapse Rate: I'at To 0 °C (273 K), eso = 611 PaEquivalent Potential Temperature: 0 = 0 expAdiabatic liquid/ice water content: x = -Velocity: v² v² = 2a(z-zo); a is acceleration(T-T₂) dinPodTdzLWS1+L dwsCp drInformation (as provided on 2021 final exam)Earth-Sun mean distance: 149.598 x 10⁹ mRadius of Sun: 6.96 x 10³ mRadius of Earth: 6371 x 10³ mEffective temperature of Sun: 5770 KCross sectional area of a sphere: R²Surface area of a sphere: 4R²Solid Angle: 2 = Area on sphere/R²; d = sine de doAlbedo of the Earth: A = 0.3Plank Function: B(A,T) =2hc²hcAs ekXT-1Plank's constant: h = 6.626 × 10-³4 JsBoltzmann's constant: k = 1.381x 1023 J/KSpeed of light: c = 3 x 10³ m/sFlux: F = f I cose dWattsm² μm-STWattsm²Stephan's constant: = 5.67 × 108 Wm² K-4Net flux upward or downward for isotropic radiation: F = alStephan-Boltzmann Law: F = 6T4-Aws(); or x = - Δρ. (mg)kgm³

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