A common feature of an LBO structure is a. the minimal use of debt financing. b. a cash sweep, which is a covenant requiring all excess cash be used to retire debt. c. projected rates of return that explicitly and precisely account for the risks associated with these investments. d. its limited use in only providing seed capital to start-up firms. e. none of the above.
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A common feature of an LBO structure is
a. the minimal use of debt financing.
b. a cash sweep, which is a covenant requiring all excess cash be used to retire debt.
c. projected
d. its limited use in only providing seed capital to start-up firms.
e. none of the above.
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- Which statement is incorrect related to financial intermediaries (institutions)? * They are firms that specialize in financial intermediation - a process of borrowing funds from SSUs and lending such funds to the DSUs. The main objective of financial intermediaries is to convert savings from SSUs into investments. They are the biggest investors in equity securities in the PSE They offer the highest returns and lowest risks when compared to alternative investments available to SSUs. none of the aboveWhen a small firm works with an investment banker to raise funds through the sale of bonds on a best-efforts basis, which of the following functions does not come into play? Underwriting Indenture Origination DistributionAn investment vehicle, the investee, is created and financed with a debt instrument held by a debt investor and equity instruments held by some other investors. The equity tranche is designed to absorb the first losses and to receive any residual return from the investee. One of the equity investors who hold 30% of the equity is also the asset The investee uses its proceeds to purchase a portfolio of financial assets; thus, exposing them to the credit risk associated with the possible default of principal and interest payments of the assets. The transaction is marketed to the debt investor as an investment. Such investment has minimal exposure to the credit risk associated with the possible default of the assets in the portfolio. It is because of the nature of the assets and of the equity tranche. The returns of the investee are significantly affected by the management of the investee’s asset portfolio. Managing the asset portfolio includes decisions about the selection,…
- Which of the following statements is FALSE? As debt increases, the risk associated with bankruptcy and agency costs is reduced. Debt is often the least costly form of financing for a firm. Firms should probably use some debt in their capital structure. Different firms are subject to different levels of risk.Fitbury use a combination of equity and non-current liabilities to finance their working capital, but a direct competitor uses short term finance such as bank overdrafts. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches.Which of the following is incorrect about the Pecking Order Theory? A.Firms with high ratios of fixed assets to total assets tend to have higher debt ratios.This evidence exclusively supports the pecking order theory B.When external finance is required,firms issue debt first and equity as a last resort C.Most profitable firms borrow less not because they have lower target debt ratios but beause they don't need external finance D.Firms prefer internal finance since funds can be raised without sending adverse signals
- If managers of a company have inside information about the company’s future performances and such inside information is unknown to outsiders, then the company’s managers are most likely to use _____ to finance its project investment Group of answer choices a. the company’s retained earnings b. debt borrowing from banks c. share issuance to new investors d. there is no difference among the above three funding options2. If a bank wants to avoid volatility in its regulatory capital, which investment classification would be the most desirable, and which investment classification would be the least desirable? Does your answer differ depending on whether the bank is large or small? In other words, do large and small banks differ on how they can categorize unrealized gains/losses on AFS debt?Which one of the following statements is correct if the pecking order theory holds?a. Firms with the highest debt ratios can be expected to have the lowest profits owing to the lesser availability of internal financeb. Firms will be keen to undertake equity issues as this signals to investors that managers believe the firm is undervaluedc. Firms will raise funds via equity issues in preference to debt issuesd. Firms will raise funds via external finance in preference to internal financee. None of the above
- Companies obtain their funds from two sources: debt and equity. The providers of these funds are protected in different ways. Debtholders have specific contracts with the company, and if the company defaults they have recourse ahead of shareholders.Shareholders are the bearers of residual risk and in return for the uncertainty this creates, equity finance is more expensive than debtfinance- reflecting the risk premium and risk appetite of the shareholders. But, because the shareholders come last and it is not clear what they are entitled to, they operate in conditions of an incomplete contract.Question:If the shareholders’ position is not protected by a contract-unlike the provider of debt- how is it in fact made viable? Discuss.There are advantages and disadvantages of debt financing in contrast to equity financing. Which of the following is less likely to represent an advantage of debt financing? a. The cost of debt should be lower than the cost of equity for most companies due to the lower risk to the lender and the tax deductibility of interest b. The repayment of debt capital may affect the liquidity of the company c. If the return on assets exceeds the cost of debt, then this will result in a higher return on shareholders’ funds as compared to the return on assets d. The increase in borrowings will not normally affect the voting control of the current shareholders as compared to the issue of shares e. Fixed interest rate loans will result in the variability in the market value of such loans over time which will normally be less than the variability in the value of the equity of the companyCritique this statement: “The use of debt financing lowers the net income of the firm, and hence debt financing should be used only as a last resort.”