A competitive economy has many consumers, many producers, two goods (A and B) and two inputs (L and K). Which of the following are conditions for a competitive general equilibrium in this economy? (Select all that applies) O a) MRTAB = MCA / MCB for all producers O b) MRSAB = PA / PB for all consumers O c) MRTS between labour and capital is the same for all firms producing good A O d) MRTS between labour and capital is the same for all fırms, whether producing good A or good B. O e) MRT = MRTS for all producers O f) MRS = MRT O g) MRS = MRTS O h) PA = MCA and PB = MCB O i) PA = PB and MCa = MCB O j) MRTS = PA / PB
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- "Any social planner who implements efficient outcomes will produce the same output in a given market as the competitive market would." In addition to the conditions of the first welfare theorem, which of the following have to hold in order for the statement in quotes to be true? O a. Consumer tastes are quasilinear. O b. Consumer tastes are homothetic. O c. Production frontiers are homothetic. O d.Both (a) and (c). O e. Both (b) and (c). Of. None of the above.a) Suppose that in the production of computer software, the marginal rate of technical substitution between engineers and marketer is 5 for IBM and 3 for Microsoft. Explain why this outcome violates the condition for efficiency in production and how a voluntary exchange could make both companies better off. b) Ignoring rationing problems and black markets, under rent control (or any price ceiling that produces a shortage) the price paid by consumers equals the marginal cost of producing the good. Does this mean the output level is efficient? Explain. c) What does the contract curve in an Edgeworth production box signify? Why do competitive markets generate equilibriums that lie on the contract curve?Supply chain shortages have limited the number of microchips available to car manufacturersin the US. Since every new car needs microchips to control it, we can think of a limit on thenumber of microchips as a quota on the production of new cars. If this quota is binding,which of the following may be a market consequence of a production quota on new cars in theUS market? Do not worry about the underlying facts; only whether the explanations makeeconomic sense given our model. (Select one or more) (a) The quantity supplied of new cars will rise to meet the quota.(b) The quantity supplied of new cars will fall to meet the quota.(c) The quantity supplied is unaffected by a binding quota.(d) The price of new cars will rise until there is no excess demand.(e) The price of new cars will fall until there is no excess demand.(f) Consumer surplus will increase as a result of the quota.(g) Consumer surplus will decrease as a result of the quota.(h) Consumer surplus will be unaffected by the…
- It is widely believed that land-use regulations, such as zoning laws that restrict real estatedevelopment, raise the marginal cost of housing, thereby reducing market supply. Jackson(2016) for example shows that increased land-use regulations reduce residential permittingby 4-8 percent. By reducing supply, land-use restrictions likely put upward pressure onhousing price; all else being equal, Zabel & Dalton (2011) find that increasing the minimumlot size required per dwelling by one acre raises house prices by about nine percent. By how much do think a nine percent increase in housing price impacts consumerwelfare? Provide a range based on the price elasticities cited above. Please show allof your work, including math and diagrams. Given your estimates, what would consumers be WTP for to avoid a one acreincrease in the minimum lot size?This question is inspired on the recent evolution of electricity markets in Switzerland and the EU.Suppose a market consists of three producers:i. Firm 1 (photovoltaics) has a marginal cost of production od CHF 1 and can produce up to 100 MW/h;ii. Firm 2 (hydroelectric) has a marginal cost od production of CHF 5 and can produce up to 200 MW/H;iii. Firm 3 (gas) has a marginal cost od production of CHF 20 and can produce up to 200 MW/h.For simplicity, assume that there are no fixed costs of production.Consumers are willing to pay a constant amount of 25 CHF for each additional MW/h up to 500 MW/h. a) Draw a graph of supply and demand for this market.b) Calculate the price in the market and the profits of each company.Assume that your company produces two goods: laptops and tablets. Assume aslo that your company has limited resources( including time) to devote to producing these items. Now assume that the laptop team does something to improve the efficiency of making laptops, while the tabley holds to old methods. Given the change you can a) only increase your production of laptops b) only increase your production of tablets c) increase production of both items d) not increase your production in either tablets or laptops.
- Consider the production problem discussed in class in which 24 labor hours and 4 machinehours are to be allocated between food (x) production and wine (y) production. Suppose theproduction functions for x and y are as follows:Also, suppose the preferences of the agents are given by:Finally, suppose the MRT is given bywhere x and y denote, respectively, the aggregate quantities of food and wine produced.For each of the following allocations, determine whether they are (i) feasible and (ii) Paretoefficient. If they are inefficient, explain intuitively how it is possible to make someone betteroff without making the other person worse-off.a. ((14,2),(10,2),(5,10),(23,18))b. ((8,2),(16,2),(5,14),(11,18))c. ((14,2),(10,2),(14,21),(14,7))The market-clearing equations of a general equilibrium model with two markets are given as in1/(w/p)2 = 96 =aw/pwhere a > 0 is some fixed parameter. Under what condition(s) on ? does there exist a general equilibrium?a) Which of the following is typically not used to evaluate economic policy? O Stability O Economic growth O Kosher-Index O Equity b) Consider following demand and supply function for a market: D: P-280-2Q: S: P=30+8Q. The market equilibrium quantity is Q-45 Q = 55 Q-35 Q-25 c) Consider the market for wheat, which currently is in equilibrium. Covid-19 related social distancing requirements make production more expensive. This will lead to O An increase in equilibrium price and quantity O A decrease in equilibrium price and an increase in equilibrium quantity O An increase in equilibrium price and a decrease in equilibrium quantity O A decrease in equilibrium price and quantity
- Answer the questions based on the model given in the image: a. What is the set of Pareto optimal outcomes in this economy? Justify your answer. b. What is the competitive equilibrium in this economy assuming price of good 1 is set to 1. Specify whether the competitive equilibrium is pareto optimal. c. Now consider another economy where everything is as before, apart from individual 2’s preferences, which are as follows: among any two any bundles consisting of X and Y, individual 2 prefers the bundle which has a larger amount of commodity X irrespectiveof the amount of commodity Y in the two bundles, and between any two bundles with the same amount of X, she prefers the one with a larger amount of Y. (not sure but these are perhaps lexicographic preferences) Find the set of Pareto optimal outcomes in this economy.Supposeg1increases, but stillc1+b1+g1<1. Using a graph of the goods market, show how we would represent an increase in the value ofg1on equilibrium output y. Be sure to label all axes, curves, and equilibrium points. Suppose instead,c1+b1+g1= 0. Is the equilibrium in the goods market still possible? If so, what is the equilibrium output? You must explain your answer to receive full credit.THIS IS FOR MATHEMATICAL ECONOMIC CLASS Question (2): The market for disposable cell phones: Q = 2300 – 16p and Q = 1850 + 14p. Find the equilibrium price and quantity. Suppose that a new technology has emerged that will enable firms to mass produce the cell phones at a reduced cost. Which curve will be affected and what will be the general outcome? Going back to question (b), if the new equilibrium price of a disposable cell phone is $11.25, how many disposable cell phones will be demanded by consumers? Derive the new function based on your analysis.