A drug designed to inhibit the response of cells to testosterone would alme A. a decrease in receptor tyrosine kinase activity B. a decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration C. lower cytoplasmic levels of CAMP
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- A new antagonist molecule has been discovered that binds to and blocks plasma membrane receptors. What effect will this antagonist have on testosterone, a steroid hormone? a. It will block testosterone from binding to its receptor. b. It will block testosterone from activating cAMP signaling. c. It will increase testosterone-mediated signaling. d. It will not affect testosterone-mediated signaling.Which of the following would most likely reduce levels of active estrogen to potentially modulate cancer risk? a) Increased alcohol consumption b) Increased dietary folate c) Decreased levels of sex-hormone-binding globulin d) Increased phytoestrogen intakesWhich of the following class of chemicals exerts its effects by entering cells, binding intracellular receptors, and affecting gene expression? a. Peptides b. Steroids c. Bioactive amines d. Amino acids Studies have demonstrated biological differences between adult heterosexual and adult homosexual men. Which of the following has been shown to be different between these groups? a. different pattern of cortical neuron branching b. different testosterone levels c. different size of a hypothalamic nucleus d. different estrogen levels
- How would mutations that completely ablate the function of the androgen receptor impact the phenotypic development of humans with XY chromosomes? a. Patients would appear phenotypically female. b. Patients would appear phenotypically male with underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics. c. Patients would appear phenotypically male, but cannot produce sperm. d. Patients would express both male and female secondary sex characteristics.The body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has an unusually low number of testosterone receptors. How might the cell's response to testosterone be affected by its low number of testosterone receptors? A. The cell will activate more protein kinases in response to testosterone exposure than a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors. B. The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure. C. The cell will make less cAMP in response to testosterone exposure. D. The cell’s response to testosterone exposure will be identical to the response of a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.Many cells reduce testosterone to a steroid that has a higher affinity to the androgen receptor. What is the name of this steroid? a. Progesterone. b. Estradiol. c. Cortisol. d. 5 α-dihydrotestosterone.
- Which of the following statements correctly describes the effects of increased testosterone? a. Increased levels of testosterone result in increased sperm production b. Increased levels of testosterone decreases the release of FSH and LH c. Increased levels of testosterone stimulates the release of GnRH d. Increased levels of testosterone stimulates the release of FSH and LH.What would happen to male hormone levels if the hypothalamus producedgonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) continuously? A. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), andtestosterone levels would be high. B. Testosterone levels would be low C.Only luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH)levels would be high. D. Only testosterone levels would be high.The signaling molecules broadcast throughout the body by the endocrine system and used to control timing of developmental events are known as Group of answer choices A. hormones B. meristems C. nerves D. fast blocks E. morphogens
- A 38-year-old male is upset about his low sperm count and visits a "practitioner" who commonly advertises his miracle cures of sterility. The practitioner is a quack who treats conditions of low sperm count with megadoses of testosterone. Although his patients experience a huge surge in libido, their sperm count is even lower after hormone treatment. a) Which two glands would be responsive to the megadose of testosterone? b) Identify the two hormones that would be affected by the megadose of testosterone. Would their levels increase or decrease? c) What role, if any, would either of the affected hormones have on the man's reduced sperm count?Which of the following statements about hormones is not correct? A. The persistance of a hormone in the blood is usually of short duration.B. The time required for the onset of hormonal effects can vary C. Organ responses to hormones occur as soon as receptors are bound. D. The duration of hormone action is variable.Endocrine downregulation ... a) ... occurs in target cells that respond to hormones that are present in constant amounts in the blood. b) ... leads to the increased sensitivity of the target organ to the hormone. c) ... leads to a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cell. d)... occurs in part due to increased receptor synthesis in the target cell.