A eukaryotic cell can use glucose (C6H1206) and hexanoic acid (C6H1402) as fuels for cellular respiration. On the basis of their structural formulas, which of these is more reduced? O hexanoic acid O glucose O Both are oxidized O Cannot be determined
Q: Inside a body, this reaction has a value of positive ∆G C6H12O6 + H3PO4 → C6H14O12P2 + H2O ∆G=…
A: For any reaction to keep going in the forward direction it needs to have negative value of ∆G. It is…
Q: When a vertebrate dies, its muscles stiffen as they are deprived of ATP, a state called rigor…
A: Rigor mortis is defined by the decline of ATP to zero within the muscles. It is the most evident…
Q: 2, 4-Dinitrophenol(DNP) has been used as a dieting aid that results in the increase metabolism of…
A: 2,4 Dinitrophenol (DNP) refers to an ionophoric compound that has several industrial and medical…
Q: Gastric juice (pH 1.5) is produced by pumping HCl from blood plasma (pH 7.4) into the stomach.…
A: The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide as the molecular currency of intracellular energy…
Q: The phosphoanhydride bond that links two phosphate groups in ATP in a high-energy linkage has a ΔG°…
A: ATP is the primary source of energy of the cell. ATP is made up of an adenosine bound to three…
Q: The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP, AGo, is approximately -7300 cal/mol for each of the…
A: The standard free energy of a substance state that changes in the free energy change which was…
Q: Oxaloacetic acid (C4H5O5, pKa1 = 2.56, pKa2 = 4.37), a diprotic acid, is part of the citric acid…
A: The three primary metabolic processes that occur in cells to create energy (ATP) are known as…
Q: Most glucose in the human diet comes from plants. Unlike humans, plants transport sucrose instead of…
A: The reaction is in equilibrium if the forward and backward reaction is balanced.
Q: glycerol 3-phosphate forms the backbone of glycerosphospholipids. what 3-carbon intermediate in the…
A: Glycolysis is a ten-step biochemical process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of…
Q: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) is a reagent that reacts with Asp or Glu residues. Explain why the…
A: The process of breakdown of glucose to generate the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is…
Q: Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield…
A: ETC (electron transport chain) consist of series of complex proteins through which electrons are…
Q: When palmitate and 14ciCoEnzvmeA are added to the cytosol of cells, these molecules are converted to…
A: Introduction: Palmitoyl-CoA is a thioester of acyl-CoA. It's an "activated" type of palmitic acid…
Q: A certain anabolic biochemical reaction A has AG=17.8 kJ-mol, and is always coupled to another…
A: Some of the reactions that take place inside living organism require an input of energy to take…
Q: Two biochemistry students are about to usemitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on…
A: The electron transport (ETC) chain is the process, during which the electron is transferred to…
Q: If 14CO2 (radioactive carbon) were incorporated into the TCA cycle via the Pyruvate Carbaxylase…
A: Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is the enzyme, which helps to convert that pyruvate into oxaloacetate.
Q: The formation of maltose, a disaccharide, from two glucose molecules, is not energetically…
A: The formation of maltose, a disaccharide, from two glucose molecules, is not energetically…
Q: Which carbon(s) of glucose could be labelled with carbon-14 label in order to have the label end up…
A: Glycolysis is a biochemical catabolic process that involves glucose breakdown to release energy and…
Q: During exercise when the body lacks an adequate supply of oxygen to support energy production, the…
A: When a person does workout, then the body has a tendency to lack a very high amount of oxygen…
Q: The plant toxin fluoroacetate (F-CH2COO−) is easily converted to fluorocitrate when an animal…
A: Aconitase is an enzyme of Kreb’s cycle. It is also known as aconitate hydratase. It catalyzes the…
Q: At a steady state in the living cell, (ATP) = 10-3M and (ADP) = 10-4 M. The maximum (equilibrium)…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Lauric acid is a 12-carbon fatty acid with no double bonds. The sodium salt of lauric acid (sodium…
A: The molecules that assemble the living world are the biomolecules. These are Lipids, proteins,…
Q: 1. Eukaryotic cells primarily utilize glucose (CH,O) for cellular respiration. However, they can…
A: Cellular respiration is a series of biochemical reactions and processes that occur within organisms'…
Q: The main location of ethanol metabolism in the body is the liver and the main route of…
A: The cell membrane or plasma membrane is the membrane that separates the cell from the outside…
Q: Glucose in stored in the body as glycogen. Consider the oxidation reaction for glucose with oxygen…
A: Glycogen is a glucose polymer present in mammalian and nonmammalian cells, microorganisms, and…
Q: Ethylene glycol (HO−CH2−CH2−OH) is a major component of antifreeze. In the body, it is first…
A: Catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the…
Q: Water production from fatty acid oxidation is a survival mechanism in animals where water is scarce.…
A: Water is one of the essential elements for most living things. It is found in all cells, tissues,…
Q: Bovine chymotrypsinogen has a molecular mass of 25.6 kDa. Amino acid analysis shows that this enzyme…
A: Protein is a nitrogenous organic macromolecule that is necessary for human health. It is responsible…
Q: Acetyl CoA + 2H* + 2e = pyruvate + COASH Ubiquinone + 2H* + 2e = Ubiquinol E* = -0.48 V E" = +0.04 V…
A: If the reaction has a positive value of standard cell potential/standard reduction potential or a…
Q: Fatty acid chains after subjected to degradative enzymes in the intestines are hydrolyzed…
A: Hydrolysis of fatty acids:Energy from fat is obtained by hydrolysis (degradation) of triglycerides…
Q: In the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP…
A: Given Values: ∆G° = 16.7 kJ/mol or 16700 J/mol Temperature = 25°C or 25+273 = 298 K Concentration of…
Q: Citric acid cycle intermediates can be starting products to produce which of the following: a) all…
A: Citric acid cycle intermediates can form all of the above biomolecules. Citrate in TCA cycle can…
Q: (i) Why do many reactions in metabolism include the formation or the breakdown of adenosine…
A: Metabolism metabolism is a process of reactions involving the breakdown of food to generate chemical…
Q: Show the path of electrons from ubiquinone (Q or coenzyme Q) to oxygen in the mitochondrial…
A: The respiratory chain in the mitochondria is also known as the electron transport chain (ETC). The…
Q: Of all the high-energy phosphate carriers we've studied in class, PEP has the greatest free energy…
A: In chemical thermodynamics, an exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction in which the change in the…
Q: Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a surfactant on the surface of the alveoli in the lungs.…
A: A phospholipid is a type of lipid molecule which is the major constituent of the cell membrane.…
Q: Coenzymes are organic substances, while cofactors are inorganic. L-Amino-acid oxidase will catalyze…
A: We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time since you have not mentioned which part you are…
Q: A newly isolated bacterial isocitrate dehydrogenase is found to have a molecular mass of 180kDa and…
A: Enzyme kinetics is a fascinating and important topic in biochemistry. It can be used to determine…
Q: Ethylene glycol (HO—CH2—CH2—OH) is frequently used as antifreeze in automobile engines. Every year…
A: Ethylene glycol poisoning is poisoning caused by drinking ethylene glycol which is a colorless,…
Q: The free energy of hydrolysis for acetic anhydride is221.8 kJ/ mol. The conversion of ATP to ADP…
A: ATP is known as adenosine triphosphate. This is a molecule which contains high energy in the form of…
Q: Undergoing moderate activity, an average person will generate about 350 kJ of heat per hour. Using…
A: Fat composed of fatty acids and triglycerides. Fat is an important energy source for living…
Q: Succinate CoQ oxidoreductase is another name for Complex I. Select one: O True O False The oxidizing…
A: A chemical reaction is one that mainly involves electron transfer is said to be an…
Q: During exercise when the body lacks an adequate supply of oxygen to support energy production, the…
A: Introduction The numeric scale that differentiates acid and base is called pH scale. The…
Q: From data in Table 13-6, calculate the ΔG′° value for the following reactions:(a) Phosphocreatine +…
A: ∆G'° for any reaction is a fixed parameter defined for standard conditions. Gibbs energy changes of…
Q: if 1 molecule of nonadecadoenoic acid 19:0 is completely Oxidized under aerobic condition how many…
A: Most fatty acids are degraded by sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl end…
Q: Why does ATP hydrolysis release so much energy? O Hydrolysis increases entropy through a gain in the…
A: ATP hydrolysis is a catabolic process in which the high-energy compound Adenosine triphosphate…
Q: 1. Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone. It is found…
A: Fatty acids are aliphatic chain with carboxylic group. It varies in number of carbon atoms and can…
Can someone help with this question?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)Using understanding of the thermodynamics laws, explain the energy transformations for the following processes. a. Glucose – Pyruvase + 2ATF + 2NADH b. Pyruvate – Acetyl-CoA + NaDH c. Citric acid – Oxoloacetate + 3NaDH + FADH2 + ATP d. H20 at PSII – ATP e. Photon at PSI – NADPH f. Co2 + RuBp – 3PG + ATP + NADPH – G3P (1/6 of which is converted to glucose)What is the significance of the ΔG°’ value of each step of Glycolysis? Why do some values classify reactions as irreversible and others as easily reversible?
- If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for sucrose synthesis from glucose + fructose is +5.5 kcal/mole, calculate standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + fructose g ADP + sucrose + inorganic phosphate. DGo = -12.8 kcal/mole DGo = -1.8 kcal/mole DGo = 0 kcal/mole DGo = +1.8 kcal/mole DGo = +12.8 kcal/moleComplete the balanced equation for the overall reaction by selecting an answer choice in the brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+If the hydrolysis of 1 M glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase has a ΔG′∘ of −11.386 kJ/mol at 25 °C, what percentage of substrate remains once the reaction reaches equilibrium assuming no product was initially present? (Round answer to the nearest whole number)
- Complete the following tables by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the glycolysis. An example is given in the first step of glycolysis pathway as your guide. In the last row of each table, give the overall reaction or net equation. PS Same question was already answered in bartleby, I reasked this question to validate if the answer is correct.Complete the following tables by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the glycolysis. An example is given in the first step of glycolysis pathway as your guide. In the last row of each table, give the overall reaction or net equation.Complete the following tables by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid, and fatty acid pathways. An example is given in the first step of glycolysis pathway as your guide. In the last row of each table, give the overall reaction or net equation.
- Explain thermodynamics of glycolysis in relation to Step 3 as shown in the Table and how it does not violate thermodynamic laws?The complete combustion of palmitate and glucose yields 9781 kJ ∙ mol−1 and 2850 kJ ∙ mol−1 of free energy, respectively. Compare these values to the free energy (as ATP) obtained though catabolism of palmitate and glucose under standard conditions. Which process is more efficient?The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step that completes the Citric Acid Cycle. The ∆G of this reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Explain how this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction could possibly be accomplished by the cell even though the reaction is not coupled to a favorable reaction.