A forest products company owns a 1,000-acre tract of forest land which has a total of 200,000 tons of biomass. The biomass grows by 10,000 tons a year. The going price for the wood is $500 per ton and is expected to remain stable for the indefinite future (in real terms). Two management practices are possible: clear-cutting, in which all trees are removed; and sustainable timbering, in which the amount of biomass removed annually is just equal to annual growth. The cost of clear-cutting is $40 per ton while that for sustainable timbering is $70 per ton. What should the company do if: Real interest rates are 3 percent per year Real interest rates are 5 percent per year The company is taken over by a conglomerate with $50 million in debt at a 10 percent real interest rate. a. b. C.
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- Filkins Fabric Company is considering the replacement of its old, fully depreciated knitting machine. Two new models are available: Machine 190-3, which has a cost of $190,000, a 3-year expected life, and after-tax cash flows (labor savings and depreciation) of $87,000 per year; and Machine 360-6, which has a cost of $360,000, a 6-year life, and after-tax cash flows of $98,300 per year. Knitting machine prices are not expected to rise because inflation will be offset by cheaper components (microprocessors) used in the machines. Assume that Filkins’ cost of capital is 14%. Should the firm replace its old knitting machine? If so, which new machine should it use? By how much would the value of the company increase if it accepted the better machine? What is the equivalent annual annuity for each machine?Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.Thaler Company bought 26,000 of raw materials a year ago in anticipation of producing 5,000 units of a deluxe version of its product to be priced at 75 each. Now the price of the deluxe version has dropped to 35 each, and Thaler is now deciding whether to produce 1,500 units of the deluxe version at a cost of 48,000 or to scrap the project. What is the opportunity cost of this decision? a. 175,000 b. 375,000 c. 48,000 d. 26,000
- The Scampini Supplies Company recently purchased a new delivery truck. The new truck cost $22,500, and it is expected to generate net after-tax operating cash flows, including depreciation, of $6,250 per year. The truck has a 5-year expected life. The expected salvage values after tax adjustments for the truck are given here. The company’s cost of capital is 10%. Should the firm operate the truck until the end of its 5-year physical life? If not, then what is its optimal economic life? Would the introduction of salvage values, in addition to operating cash flows, ever reduce the expected NPV and/or IRR of a project?The Sisneros Company is considering building a chili processing plant in Hatch, New Mexico. The plant is expected to produce 50,000 pounds of processed chili peppers each year for the next 10 years. During the first year, Sisneros expects to sell the processed peppers for $2 per pound. The price is expected to increase at a 6 percent rate per year over the 10-year economic life of the plant. The costs of operating the plant, exclusive of depreciation, including the cost of fresh peppers, are estimated to be $60,000 during the first year. These costs are expected to increase at an 5 percent rate per year over the next 10 years.The plant will cost $100,000 to build. It will be depreciated as a 7-year MACRS asset. The estimated salvage at the end of 10 years is zero. The firm's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. Use Table II, Table IV, and Table 9A-3 to answer the questions below. Calculate the net investment required to build the plant. Round your answers to the nearest dollar.$…The Sisneros Company is considering building a chili processing plant in Hatch, New Mexico. The plant is expected to produce 30,000 pounds of processed chili peppers each year for the next 10 years. During the first year, Sisneros expects to sell the processed peppers for $2 per pound. The price is expected to increase at a 7 percent rate per year over the 10-year economic life of the plant. The costs of operating the plant, exclusive of depreciation, including the cost of fresh peppers, are estimated to be $40,000 during the first year. These costs are expected to increase at an 8 percent rate per year over the next 10 years.The plant will cost $60,000 to build. It will be depreciated as a 7-year MACRS asset. The estimated salvage at the end of 10 years is zero. The firm's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. Use Table II, Table IV, and Table 9A-3 to answer the questions below. Calculate the net investment required to build the plant. Round your answers to the nearest dollar.$…
- Maui Fabricators Inc. is considering an investment in equipment that will replace direct labor. The equipment has a cost of $121,000 with a $10,000 residual value and a 10-year life. The equipment will replace one employee who has an average wage of $20,255 per year. In addition, the equipment will have operating and energy costs of $5,880 per year. Determine the average rate of return on the equipment, giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investment. If required, round to the nearest whole percent.fill in the blank 1 of 1 %Delaware Chemicals is considering the installation of a computer process control system in one of its processing plants. This plant is used about 40% of the time, or 3,500 operating hours per year, to produce a proprietary demulsification chemical; during the remaining 60% of the time, it is used to produce other specialty chemicals. The annual production of the demulsification chemical amounts to 30,000 kilograms per year, and it sells for $15 per kilogram. The proposed computer process control system will cost $65,000 and is expected to provide specific benefits in the production of the demulsification chemical as follows:(i) First, the selling price of the product could be increased by $2 per kilogram because the product would be of higher purity, which translates into better demulsification performance.(ii) Second, production volumes would increase by 4,000 kilograms per year as a result of higher reaction yields, without any increase in requirements for raw material quantities or…Delaware Chemicals is considering the installation of a computer process control system in one of its processing plants. This plant is used about 40% of the time, or 3,500 operating hours per year, to produce a proprietary demulsification chemical; during the remaining 60% of the time, it is used to produce other specialty chemicals. The annual production of the demulsification chemical amounts to 30,000 kilograms per year, and it sells for $15 per kilogram. The proposed computer process control system will cost $65,000 and is expected to provide specific benefits in the production of the demulsification chemical as follows: First, the selling price of the product could be increased by $2 per kilogram because the product would be of higher purity, which translates into better demulsification performance. Second, production volumes would increase by 4,000 kilograms per year as a result of higher reaction yields, without any increase in requirements for raw material quantities or…
- Delaware Chemicals is considering the installation of a computer process control system in one of its processing plants. This plant is used about 40% of the time, or 3,500 operating hours per year, to produce a proprietary demulsification chemical; during the remaining 60% of the time, it is used to produce other specialty chemicals. The annual production of the demulsification chemical amounts to 30,000 kilograms per year, and it sells for $15 per kilogram. The proposed computer process control system will cost $65,000 and is expected to provide specific benefits in the production of the demulsification chemical as follows: First, the selling price of the product could be increased by $2 per kilogram because the product would be of higher purity, which translates into better demulsification performance. Second, production volumes would increase by 4,000 kilograms per year as a result of higher reaction yields, without any increase in requirements for raw material quantities or…A company is considering constructing a plant to manufacture a proposed new product.The land costs $295,000, the building costs $590,000, the equipment costs $250,000, and$98,000 additional working capital is required. It is expected that the product will result insales of $735,000 per year for 10 years, at which time the land can be sold for $386,000, thebuilding for $348,000, and the equipment for $42,000. All of the working capital would berecovered at the EOY 10. The annual expenses for labor, materials, and all other items areestimated to total $458,000.If the company requires a MARR of 15% per year on projects of comparable risk,determine if it should invest in the new product line. Use the AW method.Midwest Fabricators Inc. is considering an investment in equipment that will replace direct labor. The equipment has a cost of $132,000 with a $16,000 residual value and a 10-year life. The equipment will replace one employee who has an average wage of $34,000 per year. In addition, the equipment will have operating and energy costs of $5,380 per year. Determine the average rate of return on the equipment, giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investment. If required, round to the nearest whole percent.