A high level of financial leverage exposes firms to default risk. However, as a result of it, shareholders of the firm expect high potential returns.
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A high level of financial leverage exposes firms to default risk. However, as a result of it, shareholders of the firm expect high potential returns.
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- If you use market values to calculate the WACC, and your stock price is volatile or bond prices become unstable, will this affect your capital structure and, in turn, the investment decision the firm makes? In other words, can the WACC be volatile?You observed that high-level managers make superior returns on investments in their company’s stock. Would this be a violation of weak-form market efficiency? Would it be a violation of strong-form market efficiency?Analysts and investors often use return on equity (ROE) to compare profitability of a company with other firms in the industry. ROE is considered a very important measure, and managers strive to make the company’s ROE numbers look good. If a firm takes steps that increase its expected future ROE, its stock price will increase. Based on your understanding of the uses and limitations of ROE, a rational investor is likely to prefer an investment option that has: High ROE and high risk High ROE and low risk
- Which of the following is a valid reason for a firm not to use as much debt as it can raise? Group of answer choices The use of more debt is expected to result in an increase in the firmʹs cost of capital when everything is considered More debt will increase the firmʹs riskiness All of them are valid reasons for a firm to use less debt than might be available The use of more debt is expected to result in a lower price/earnings ratioExplain why finance theory, combined with well-diversifiedinvestors and “homemade hedging,” might suggest that riskmanagement should not add much value to a company.Which statement below is incorrect? Select one: A. Compared to interview, survey is more suitable to ask standardised questions. B. If a firm has more intangible assets, according to the trade-off theory, it is more likely to have a higher leverage. C. If a firm is more profitable, according to the pecking order theory, it should use less debt for financing. D. The CAPM model implies that a stock with a higher beta has a higher return on average.
- Suppose that as the economy moves through a business cycle, risk premiums also change. For example, in a recession, when people are concerned about their jobs, risk tolerance might be lower and risk premiums might be higher. In a booming economy, tolerance for risk might be higher and premiums lower.a. Would a predictably shifting risk premium such as described here be a violation of the efficient market hypothesis?b. How might a cycle of increasing and decreasing risk premiums create an appearance that stock prices “overreact,” first falling excessively and then seeming to recover?Which of the following statements is false? Group of answer choices a.If management does not consider the needs of the bondholders of a firm, they could end up destroying shareholder value b.If management chooses to ignore the needs of bondholders when structuring a firm, the firm can be expected to have to pay a higher interest rate on its debt c.In a perfect capital market, if a firmʹs current capital structure is not optimal, one can expect that firm to be a takeover target d.Management should focus only on the needs of a firmʹs shareholders since they are the true owners of the firm and, as such, they elect the firmʹs directorshe concept of market efficiency underpins almost all financial theory and decision models. When financial markets are efficient, the price of a security—such as a share of a particular corporation’s common stock—should be (equal to or more than) the present value estimate of the firm’s expected cash flows discounted by its appropriate rate of return (also called the intrinsic value of the stock). Almost all financial theory and decision models assume that the financial markets are efficient. The informational efficiency of financial markets determines the ability of investors to “beat” the market and earn excess (or abnormal) returns on their investments. If the markets are efficient, they will react rapidly as new relevant information becomes available. Financial theorists have identified three levels of informational efficiency that reflect what information is incorporated in stock prices. Identify the form of capital market efficiency under the efficient market hypothesis…
- You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)? What are the assumptions that underlie the model? What is the Security Market Line (SML)?Your investment client asks for information concerning the benefits of active portfolio management. She is particularly interested in the question of whether active managers can be expected to consistently exploit inefficiencies in the capital markets to produce above-average returns without assuming higher risk.The semistrong form of the efficient market hypothesis asserts that all publicly available information is rapidly and correctly reflected in securities prices. This implies that investors cannot expect to derive above-average profits from purchases made after information has become public because security prices already reflect the information’s full effects.a. Identify and explain two examples of empirical evidence that tend to support the EMH implication stated above.b. Identify and explain two examples of empirical evidence that tend to refute the EMH implication stated above.c. Discuss reasons why an investor might choose not to index even if the markets were, in fact,…Assume we are in an M&M world with no frictions (M&M Perfect Markets). Which of the following are true? Group of answer choices The overall COC for a firm increases with leverage The cost of equity of a firm increases as a firm increases leverage The cost of equity of a firm decreases as a firm increases leverage The overall COC of a firm is unaffected by the amount of leverage a firm has
