A mutated TBP protein Explain: (a) What is the process affected? (b) What is the Effect on the process? (c) Does it affect prokaryotes, eukaryotes or both?
Q: List the two components of the active Telomerase holoenzyme.
A: The ribonucleoprotein that is responsible for the synthesis of telomeric repeat sequence is called…
Q: Describe results that could be obtained from ribosomeprofiling that would indicate the existence of…
A: Ribosome profiling is a technique which is based on deep sequencing of ribosome protected fragments…
Q: In the: Exposure to a substance that mutates the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Explain: (a) What is the…
A: (a) Shine-Dalgano sequences are ribosomal binding site in bacterial or archeal messenger RNA. So if…
Q: Glivec works via competitively binding to the active site of bcr-abl. [1] Do you think there's a…
A: 'abl' is a gene located in chromosome 9 while 'bcr' is another gene located in chromosome 22 of…
Q: Why is it important to put regulatory mechanisms in place at specific portions of the pathway from…
A: The flow of the information takes place from DNA to the proteins. Proteins act as structural…
Q: Why and how does an antisense oligonucleotide functionally inactivate an mRNA for use in translation…
A: Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript,natural antisense transcript or…
Q: Considering prokaryotes, what is the enzyme that removes the RNA primer and replaces it with newly…
A: RNA primer is used in initial priming to then later on DNA ligase can not seal the nick between the…
Q: Describe the mechanism of action of lysozyme
A: The antibacterial enzyme lysozyme, also identified as muramidase and N-acetylmuramide…
Q: What is the function of conjugation reactions in the biotransformation process?
A: Biotransformation refers to reactions that modify a specific chemical compound (both endogenous and…
Q: What is the best inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress in human ?
A: Endoplasmic stress occurs when the capacity of the ER to fold proteins becomes saturated. There are…
Q: Describe the function of CYP3A4?
A: Answer- CYP3A4 or cytochrome P450 3A4 is a human enzyme that is present and synthesized in the…
Q: Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism escape detection?
A: Mutations that likely occurred in a somatic cell are not supposed to be transferred to its next…
Q: In the: Inhibition of splicing by ribozymes Explain: (a) What is the process affected? (b) What is…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: In the Avery experiment, mice were killed if they injected with S strain cells. Furthermore,…
A: Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928 by Frederick Griffith was the first experiment suggesting…
Q: What is catabolite repression? How does it allow a bacterial cell to use glucose in preference to…
A: Microorganisms with catabolite repression can easily adapt to a chosen (rapidly metabolizable)…
Q: Why can it be said that transcription of thebacteriophage T7 genome requires two enzymes?
A: T7 bacteriophage is a small phage which consists of double stranded DNA with 40 kbp nucleotide. The…
Q: What are revision products? What type of reaction is it? What is the common intermediate reversion…
A: Carbohydrates are complex biomolecules made up of simple building units/monomers called sugars or…
Q: N-formylmethionine is the amino acid specified by a tRNA molecule carrying the anticodon sequence…
A: N-formylmethionine, abbreviated as N-fMet, is a derivative of the amino acid Met (methionine) in…
Q: I have this strain of e coli. Is P+ o+ Z+ Y+ / I- P+ oC Z- Y+ Will beta-galactosidase and…
A: Lac operon constitutes a set of structural genes regulated by a common promoter in bacteria.
Q: Explain why mutations of the Arg residue in Gsα that is ADPribosylated by cholera toxin are…
A: A potential virulence factor developed by Vibrio cholerae, which is the causative factor of cholera…
Q: What is the effect of lacI- mutations?
A: The lactose operon or lac operon is an inducible operon system under dual – positive and negative…
Q: hy do housekeeping genes have to be hypomethylated and hyperactylated?
A: DNA methylation is a process of adding a methyl group to the cytosine at the C5 position to give…
Q: How is ATCase regulated to generate precisely the amount of pyrimidines needed by the cell?
A: Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the first step of pyrimidine synthesis. It converts…
Q: Translation in mitochondria has many similarities to that ofbacteria explain the similarities?
A: Translation is a process in which ribosomes present in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum…
Q: What is the major difference between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes that makes it…
A: Prokaryotes are the organisms that possess primitive cellular organization such as bacteria. They do…
Q: Explain why lysozyme cleaves the artifi cial substrate (NAG)4 ~4000 times more slowly than it…
A: Lysozyme is a naturally occurring enzyme found in bodily secretions such as tears, saliva and milk.…
Q: Which levels of regulation are utilized by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells/organisms?
A: We must first grasp how a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell to comprehend how gene…
Q: N-formylmethionine is the amino acid specified by a tRNA molecule carrying the anticodon sequence…
A: N-formylmethionine It is use as starting amino acids during the synthesis of proteins in…
Q: Why are cytosolic hsp70 chaperone proteins required for import of proteins into mitochondria and…
A: Hsp70 is a stress-induced protein needed for the health of the cell. High levels can be delivered by…
Q: Where does the energy of such reaction catalyzed by an RNA polymerase come from?
A: RNA polymerase catalyze the DNA dependent RNA synthesis. It catalyzes the process of transcription.
Q: Given the following phenotypes, explain how the mutation (identified by a (-) superscript) will…
A: And: Phenotype: The observable trait in an organism is referred to as phenotype. In this case…
Q: Two possible point mutations are the substitution of lysine for leucine or the substitution of…
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: What is the function of a novel metagenomic alpha/beta-fold esterase? And how does its structures…
A: The alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family of enzymes is quickly establishing a reputation as one of the…
Q: Which of the followings is/are regulated by proteolytic cleavage?
A: Proteolytic cleavage is the process through which proteolytic activation of an enzyme occurs. The…
Q: Why is TLCK specific for trypsin and TPCK is specific for chymotrypsin?
A: TLCK stands for Tosyl Lysinyl Chloromethyl Ketone and TPCK stands for Tosyl Phenyl Chloromethyl…
Q: Resistance to many penicillins is the result of cell wall mutations in a variety of bacteria. True…
A: Antimicrobial agents include the chemical substances that are used for the removal of…
Q: Why nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is helpful ?
A: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) Is a repair process for double-strand DNA breaks. In contrast to…
Q: How, the immediate translated product is transported from cytoplasm to the ER ?
A: Translation is the process of formation of amino acids using mRNA as a template.
Q: What is cisacting site ?
A: cis means " same side". The cis acting site acts as a site of DNA or RNA which helps in regulating…
Q: What kinds of effects can occur on cellular metabolism when we introduce genetic modifications into…
A: Metabolism is driven by specific enzymetic products of gene expression , and gene expression…
Q: In the: Mutation of the 28S RNA preventing the binding of the 40S with 60S ribosomes Explain: (a)…
A: Gene is the sequence of nucleotides that encode a protein.
Q: The nuclear import of proteins larger than 40 kDa requires the presence of what amino acid sequence?…
A: The nuclear envelop of all eukaryotes is perforated by a large structure known as the nuclear pore…
Q: In the: Mutation of the 23S RNA preventing the binding of the 40S with 60S ribosomes Explain: (a)…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: Translation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes are similar and yet different. From a therapeutic…
A: Translation is the process where mRNA transcript of a particular gene is decoded to give rise to a…
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- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?Why can it be said that transcription of thebacteriophage T7 genome requires two enzymes?If a DNA sequence (exons and introns) and the regions upstream/downstream are normal -- but no mRNA is produced -- what could cause the result?
- Consider the retinoblastoma gene, which is 7,500bp long. If RNA polymerase can transcribe at the rate of 50 nucleotides/sec, how many retinoblastoma transcripts are produced in 10 minutes?What process would be affected by the lack of the en- zyme RNA polymerase?What is the major difference between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes that makes it possible to target bacterial ribosomes without harming our own cells?
- Contrast the functions of Spo11 and Cas9, twoenzymes that catalyze the formation of doublestrand breaksWhat would happen to the ability of bacteriophage λ tolyse a host cell if it acquired a mutation in the OR bindingsite for the Cro protein? Why?Not all proteins are made from the RNA genome ofbacteriophage MS2 in the same amounts. Can you explainwhy? One of the proteins functions very much like a repressor,but it functions at the translational level. Which protein is itand how does it function?
- Considering that prokaryote genomes do not have large introns, how is it possible to move a eukaryotic gene into a transformed bacterium, since they lack a spliceosome?Would a gain of function mutaion that occurs in the first exon of a gene with twelve exons more likely be missense or nonsense? Briefly explain your choice. List one disease that we studied in class that is due to a gain of function.If the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation causes a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?