A mutation of Drosophila has a wing condition known as beaded. When a beaded fly was crossed with a pure-line normal fly, 53 beaded and 47 normal F1 's were produced. When two of the F, beaded flies were mated, 67 beaded and 33 normal F2's were produced. Explain the genetics of the beaded trait and give the genotypes of all P and F1 generation flies.
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- In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What progeny phenotypes are missing? Why?In Drosophila, a cross was made between females expressing thethree X-linked recessive traits, scute bristles (sc), sable body (s),and vermilion eyes (v), and wild-type males. All females were wildtype in the F1, while all males expressed all three mutant traits.The cross was carried to the F2 generation and 1000 offspringwere counted, with the results shown in the following table. Nodetermination of sex was made in the F2 data. Question:Calculate the coefficient of coincidence; does this represent positive or negative interference? Phenotype Offspringsc s v 314+ + + 280+ s v 150sc + + 156sc + v 46+ s + 30sc s + 10+ + v 14In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) Determine the correct sequence and construct amap of these genes on the X chromosome ?
- In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What is the genotypic arrangement of the alleles ofthese genes on the X chromosome of the female?In Drosophila, a cross (cross 1) was made between twomutant flies, one homozygous for the recessive mutationbent wing (b) and the other homozygous for the recessivemutation eyeless (e). The mutations e and b are alleles oftwo different genes that are known to be very closelylinked on the tiny autosomal chromosome 4. All the progeny had a wild-type phenotype. One of the female progeny was crossed with a male of genotype b e/b e ; we willcall this cross 2. Most of the progeny of cross 2 were of theexpected types, but there was also one rare female ofwild-type phenotype.a. Explain what the common progeny are expected tobe from cross 2.b. Could the rare wild-type female have arisen by (1)crossing over or (2) nondisjunction? Explain.In Drosophila, the two mutations Stubble bristles (Sb) and curledwings (cu) are linked on chromosome III. Sb is a dominant gene that is lethal in a homozygous state, and cu is a recessive gene. Ifa female of the genotype Sb cu+ + is to be mated to detect recombinants among her offspring, whatmale genotype would you choose as her mate?
- For a certain gene in a diploid organism, eight units ofprotein product are needed for normal function. Eachwild-type allele produces five units.a. If a mutation creates a null allele, do you think thisallele will be recessive or dominant?b. What assumptions need to be made to answer part a?In Drosophila flies, the allele b gives a black body, and the allele b+ gives brown, the wild-typephenotype. The allele wx of a separate gene gives waxy wings, and wx+ gives non-waxy. The allele cn ofa third gene gives cinnabar eyes, and cn+ gives red. A female heterozygous for these three genes istestcrossed, and 745 progenies are produced which are phenotypically classified as follows:5 b+ wx+ cn+4 b wx cn53 b+ wx cn 49 b wx+ cn+287 b+ wx+ cn279 b wx cn+ 33 b+ wx cn+35 b wx+ cn Make a linkage map of the three genes. Compute for interference and explain what the derived valuemeans. Show complete solutions to support your answers.Female Drosophila heterozygous for three recessive mutations e (ebony body), st (scarlet eyes), and ss (spineless bristles) were testcrossed, and the following progeny were obtained: Phenotype Number wild-type 67 ebony 8 ebony, scarlet 68 ebony, spineless 347 ebony, scarlet, spineless 78 scarlet 368 scarlet, spineless 10 spineless 54 (a) What indicates that the genes are linked? (b) What was the genotype of the original heterozygous females? (c) What is the order of the genes? (d) What is the map distance between e and st? (e) Between e and ss? (f) What is the coefficient of coincidence? (g) Diagram the crosses in this experiment.
- In Drosophila, Dichaete (D) is a mutation on chromosome III witha dominant effect on wing shape. It is lethal when homozygous.The genes ebony body (e) and pink eye (p) are recessive mutations on chromosome III. Flies from a Dichaete stock were crossed to homozygous ebony, pink flies, and the F1 progeny with a Dichaete phenotype were backcrossed to the ebony, pink homozygotes. Question: a.) Using the results of this backcross shown in the following table, diagram the cross, showing the genotypes of the parents and offspring of both crosses. b.) What is the sequence and interlocus distance between thesethree genes? Phenotype NumberDichaete 401ebony, pink 389Dichaete, ebony 84pink 96Dichaete, pink 2ebony 3Dichaete, ebony, pink 12wild type 13In Drosophila, vermilion eye color is due to a recessive allele (v) located on the X chromosome. Curved wings are due to a recessive allele (cu) located on one autosome, and ebony body is due to a recessive allele (e) located on another autosome. A vermilion male is mated to a curved, ebony female, and the F1 males are phenotypically wild-type. If these males were backcrossed to curved, ebony females, what proportion of the F2 offspring will be wild-type males?One of the X chromosomes in a particular Drosophila female had a normal order of genes but carried recessive alleles of the genes for yellow body color (y), vermilion eye color (v), and forked bristles (f), as well as the dominant X-linked Bar eye mutation (B). Her other X chromosome carried the wild-type alleles of all four genes, but the region including y+, v+, and f+ (but not B+) was inverted with respect to the normal order of genes. This female was crossed to a wild- type male in the cross diagrammed her. The cross produced the following male offspring:* table in figure a. Why are there no male offspring with the allele combinations y v f+, v+ v+ f, y v+ f+, or y+ v f (regardless of the allele of the Bar eye gene)?b. What kinds of crossovers produced the y v f b+ and v+ y+ f+ B offspring? Can you determine any genetic distances from these classed of progeny?c. What kinds of crossovers produced the y+ v f+ B+ and y v+ f B offspring?