A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, a large amount of distilled water was transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypertonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will burst. It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypotonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will shrivel. It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. It will have no serious effect because the kidneys would quickly eliminate the excess water. It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because there will be too much fluid for the heart to pump.

A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, a large amount of distilled water was transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypertonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will burst. It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypotonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will shrivel. It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. It will have no serious effect because the kidneys would quickly eliminate the excess water. It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because there will be too much fluid for the heart to pump.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RE

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If a doctor injected a patient with what was labeled as an isotonic saline solution, but then the patient died, and an autopsy revealed that several of the patient's red blood cells had burst, such as in the image on the right, would it be true that the injected solution was really isotonic? Why or why not?
a patient is admitted to the hospital and given intravenous (IV) fluids. four hours later, the patient complains that his mouth and eyes feel dry. you notice that he displays signs of dehydration, and when you check his IV, you see that he was given the wrong kind of fluids. were these fluids likely hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic? explain
Why is it important to know the isotonic point of human cells when administering an IV? Explain what would happen to the red blood cells if an IV solution were hypotonic or hypertonic.
Inflammatory responses are associated with lots of swelling, where fluids rush into cells and surrounding tissues. To help quickly relieve swelling, what type of IV solution could a doctor administer to her patient? hypotonic hypertonic isotonic
Reports in the media about stem cells usually state that they “turn into any kind of cell in the body.” Explain why this statement is only partially correct, including a description of how a stem cell maintains the population of stem cells.
You are a doctor in the emergency room. You have a patient whose blood cells are composed of the following: 80 molecules of glucose, 50 molecules of hemoglobin, 20 molecules of dextrose, and 2000 molecules of water. a. What is the total solute concentration of her cells? b. If you needed to make an isotonic solution of saline for her IV, how many salt molecules would you need to add to 1000 molecules of water? How do you know this is the correctamount?
A red blood cell will swell and undergo hemolysis when placed in a hypotonic solution. Why this happens considering the principles of osmosis?
Shock (failure of the circulatory system) is an abnormal condition in which blood flow is inadequate. The most common causes of shock are massive blood loss and obstruction of blood flow. As a result of shock, there is a failure to provide cells with oxygen and nutrients. In this circumstance, cells swell and lysosomal membranes rupture, among other effects. Describe how energy is generated during shock and why cell structure becomes destabilized.
Isotonic saline and 5% dextrose in water are solutions considered isotonic to human blood. What effect on red blood cells would you expect if a patient were given these fluids intravenously? A solution of 10% dextrose in water is hypertonic to human blood.
In osmosis, water moves from a ---------------- solution to a --------------------- solution
Both of the regular intravenous solutions administeredin medicine, normal saline and lactated Ringer’ssolution, are isotonic. Why is this important?
What is an example of facilitated diffusion and osmosis in the body?

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		It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypertonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will burst.
		It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells will be hypotonic relative to the body fluids and the cells will shrivel.
		It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
		It will have no serious effect because the kidneys would quickly eliminate the excess water.
		It will have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because there will be too much fluid for the heart to pump.