A piston-cylinder arrangement contains water at 110°C, 85% quality with a volume of 1 L. What is the initial mass, in grams? The system is heated, causing the 150-mm-diameter piston to rise and encounter a linear spring with k = 800 kN/m. Calculate the specific internal energy (kJ/kg) at this instant knowing that the measured volume is 1.65 L. The heating continues and compresses the spring in the process. When the piston encounters the stops, the pressure is 200 kPa. What is the temperature (in °C) and entropy (in J/K) at this point? Heating continues until the pressure reached 300 kPa. What is the volume, in L at this instant? Illustrate the process in separate P-v and T-v diagram. Note:1000 L = 1m3. Hint: Draw the FBD of the piston in each state

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Chemical and Phase Equilibrium

Phase diagrams or equilibrium phase diagrams are the graphical representations that show the phase transformations of the constituting elements with respect to the pressure, temperature, and compositions. The diagrams show the conditions that limit the different phases, namely solid, liquid, and gas. The diagram can also be utilized to verify the relations between the state variables. Most of the phase diagrams are temperature-pressure phase diagrams, with the variable parameter as the composition. Usually other variables such as solubility and pressure parameters are not indicated in the phase diagram. For a one-component system (unary phase diagram), the phase diagram is generally a function of temperature and pressure as the state variables, or temperature and volume. However, for a binary system (two-phase) having two components, the phase diagram is a function of temperature and composition as the state variables only. Coexisting of the different phases of the constituting elements is indicated in the phase diagram. A ternary phase diagram can be characterized by consisting of three phases in equilibrium.