Answered: A researcher obtained students' average…

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter4: Equations Of Linear Functions

Section4.5: Correlation And Causation

Problem 2CYU

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Question

A researcher obtained students' average SAT scores in each of the 50 states and the average teacher salaries in each of the 50 states. She found a negative correlation between these variables. The researcher concluded that a lurking variable must be present. By "lurking variable," the researcher means:

	a.	any variable that produces a large residual.
	b.	the true variable, which is explained by the explanatory variable.
	c.	a variable that is not among the variables studied but that affects the response variable.
	d.	the true cause of a response.

A North American roulette wheel has 38 slots, of which 18 are red, 18 are black, and 2 are green. Suppose you decide to bet on red on each of 10 consecutive spins of the roulette wheel. Suppose you lose the first five wagers. Which of the following is true?

	a.	The outcomes of the first five spins tell us nothing about what will happen on the next five spins.
	b.	The wheel is not working properly—it favors outcomes that are not red. Hence, during the next five spins of the wheel, we're likely to continue to see few red outcomes.
	c.	We're due for a win, so the sixth spin of the wheel is very likely to come up red.
	d.	There should be more spins of red in the next five spins of the wheel, because there weren't any on the first five spins.