A site is underlain by a soil that has a unit weight of 18.7 kN/m3 above the groundwater table and 19.9 kN/m3 below. The groundwater table is located at a depth of 3.5 m below the groundsurface. Compute the total vertical stress, pore water pressure, and effective vertical stress atthe following depths below the ground surface:a. 2.2 mb. 4.0 mc. 6.0 m

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A: Calculating the total stress: σ=γd1×h1+γt1×h2+γt2×h3   =13.1×2+18×2.5+19.8×4.5   =160.3 KN/m2

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Q: 2. At what depth would total the vertical stress in a deep deposit of clay (e 1.1, G, 2.74) be 100…

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Principles of Seepage

In hydrology, when water flows down in a pore or crack of unsaturated soil due to gravity, the deep layer of soil is called seepage. It is the slow movement of water in the soil layer. Seepage is mainly found near hydraulic structures and is responsible for the stability of earthen-type hydraulic structures.