A steam pipe line of 150/160 mm in diameter is covered with layer of heat insulating material of thickness 100 mm. Thermal conductivity of tube is 50 W/m deg C or kcal/m-hr-deg C and Ains,mat = 0.09 kcal/m- hr-deg C. Temperature of pipeline inside surface is 400 deg C and temperature of the outside surface of insulating surface is 50deg C. Find loss of heat from length of 1m of pipeline and temperature at interface of insulation.
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- 3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.Estimate the rate of heat loss per unit length from a 5-cm ID, 6-cm OD steel pipe covered with high-temperature insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/(m K) and a thickness of 1.2 cm. Steam flows in the pipe. It has a quality of 99% and is at 150C. The unit thermal resistance at the inner wall is 0.0026(m2K)/W the heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface is 17W/(m2K) and the ambient temperature is 16C.1.21 In an experimental set up in a laboratory, a long cylinder with a 5-cm diameter, and an electrical resistance heater inside its entire length is cooled with water flowing crosswise over the cylinder at and a velocity of 0.8 m/s. For these flow conditions, 20 kW/m of power is required to maintain a uniform temperature of at the surface of the cylinder. When water is not available, air at is used with a velocity of 10 m/s to maintain the same surface temperature. However, in this case, the cylinder surface heat dissipation rate is reduced to 400 W/m. Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficients for both water and air, and comment on the reason for the differences in the values.
- An electronic device that internally generates 600 mW of heat has a maximum permissible operating temperature of 70C. It is to be cooled in 25C air by attaching aluminum fins with a total surface area of 12cm2. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the fins and the air is 20W/m2K. Estimate the operating temperature when the fins are attached in such a way that (a) there is a contact resistance of approximately 50 K/W between the surface of the device and the fin array and (b) there is no contact resistance (in this case, the construction of the device is more expensive). Comment on the design options.The handle of a ladle used for pouring molten lead is 30 cm long. Originally the handle was made of 1.9cm1.25cm mild steel bar stock. To reduce the grip temperature, it is proposed to form the handle of tubing 0.15 cm thick to the same rectangular shape. If the average heat transfer coefficient over the handle surface is 14 W/m K, estimate the reduction of the temperature at the grip in air at 21C.2.7 A very thin silicon chip is bonded to a 6-mm thick aluminum substrate by a 0.02-mm thick epoxy glue. Both surfaces of this chip-aluminum system are cooled by air at , where the convective heat transfer coefficient of air flow is . If the heat dissipation per unit area from the chip is under steady-state conditions, draw the thermal circuit for the system and determine the operating temperature of the chip.
- Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length to a light oil flowing through a 2.5-cm-ID, 60-cm-long copper tube at a velocity of 0.03 m/s. The oil enters the tube at 16C, and the tube is heated by steam condensing on its outer surface at atmospheric pressure with a heat transfer coefficient of 11.3 kW/m K. The properties of the oil at various temperatures are listed in the following table: Temperature, T(C) 15 30 40 65 100 (kg/m3) 912 912 896 880 864 c(kJ/kgK) 1.80 1.84 1.925 2.0 2.135 k(W/mK) 0.133 0.133 0.131 0.129 0.128 (kg/ms) 0.089 0.0414 0.023 0.00786 0.0033 Pr 1204 573 338 122 55Steam in a heating system flows through tubeswhose outer diameter is 5 cm and whose walls are maintainedat a temperature of 180°C. Circular aluminum alloy 2024-T6fins (k = 186 W/m·K) of outer diameter 6 cm and constantthickness 1 mm are attached to the tube. The space betweenthe fins is 3 mm, and thus there are 250 fins per meter lengthof the tube. Heat is transferred to the surrounding air at T` = 25°C, with a heat transfer coefficient of 40 W/m2·K. Determine the increase in heat transfer from the tube per meter of its length as a result of adding fins.A total of 10 rectangular aluminum fins (k =203 W/m·K) are placed on the outside flat surface of anelectronic device. Each fin is 100 mm wide, 20 mm highand 4 mm thick. The fins are located parallel to each otherat a center-to-center distance of 8 mm. The temperature atthe outside surface of the electronic device is 60°C. The airis at 20°C, and the heat transfer coefficient is 100 W/m2·K. Determine (a) the rate of heat loss from the electronic device to the surrounding air and (b) the fin effectiveness.
- Water at 5°C is being used to cool apples from an initial temperature of 25° to 10°C. Thewater flow over the surface of the apple creates a convective heat-transfer coefficientof 15 W/(m2-K). Assume the apple can be described as a sphere with a 10 cm diameterand the geometric center is to be reduced to 10°C. The apple properties include thermalconductivity of 0.45 W/(m-K), specific heat of 3.950 kJ/(kg-K), and density of 940 kg/m3.a. Determine the time that the apples must be exposed to the water.b. If the apple is submerged only for 2 hours, what will be its center temperature?A plane wall (0.8 m x 0.6 m) at 10 oC is to be heated by attaching 7-cm-long, 3-mm-diameter pin fins (k=200 W/mK, ρ=5000 kg/m3) to it. nfin=200 fins are to be used in total. Temperature of the surrounding fluid is 100 oC, and the heat transfer coefficient on the surfaces is 35 W/m2K. Total (material + manufacturing) cost of the fins is 850 TL/kg. Fill the table below by neglecting heat transfer from the fin tips. nfin=? a) Fin efficiency b) Fin effectiveness c) Overall fin effectiveness d) Total cost of fins4.) A 15-cm-diameter steam line carries saturated steam at 6 MPa and is located in a tunnel with stagnant air with a temperature of 50oC. The outside unit convective coefficient is 8.5 W/m2-K. The steam line is covered with 3 cm of 85% magnesia insulation. It is decided to reduce the heat loss by one-half. How much 85% magnesia insulation is required? Neglect thermal resistance of pipe and inside surface.