A uniform electric field is produced using a parallel-plate capacitor made up of two identical conducting plates. The capacitor is charged by connecting it to a 1.60 V battery and grounding the negative plate. A plot of the potential vs. position from the grounded plate is shown. What is the magnitude of the electric field E? V (V) 0.900 0.800 0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 x (mm) 0.000 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.