a) Which would you choose to yield the best performance improvement for the least amount of money? b) Which option would you choose if you don't care about the money, but want a faster system?
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Suppose the daytime processing load consists of 70% CPU activity and 30% disk activity. Your customers are complaining that the system is slow. After doing some research, you have learned that you can upgrade your disks to 2.5 times as fast as they are currently for $5,000 or you can upgrade your CPU to make it 1.5 as fast for $8000.
a) Which would you choose to yield the best performance improvement for the least amount of money?
b) Which option would you choose if you don't care about the money, but want a faster system?
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- Suppose the daytime processing load consists of 60% CPU activity and 40% disk activity. Your customers are complaining that the system is slow. After doing some research, you learn that you can upgrade your disks for $8,000 to make them 2.5 times as fast as they are currently. You have also learned that you can upgrade your CPU to make it 1.4 times as fast for $5,000. Q. Which would you choose to yield the best performance improvement for the least amount of money?Suppose the daytime processing load consists of 60% CPU activity and 40% disk activity. Your customers are complaining that the system is slow. After doing some research, you learn that you can upgrade your disks for $8,000 to make them 2.5 times as fast as they are currently. You have also learned that you can upgrade your CPU to make it 1.4 times as fast for $5,000. Q.Which option would you choose if you don’t care about the money, but want a faster system?Suppose that you currently have a computer system with the following two characteristics:There are only three components that determine the overall performance — CPU, memory, and disk.For any given computation, the system spends 30% of the time for CPU, 40% of the time for memory,and 30% of the time for disk. Now suppose that you want to purchase a new system that improves theperformance in the following ways:The memory performance is 4 times faster over your current system, the disk performance is 5 timesfaster over your current system and everything else is the same. Using Amdahl’s Law, calculate theoverall speedup of the new system over your current system.
- Suppose your company has decided that it needs to make certain busy servers 30% faster. Processes in the workload spend 70% of their time using the CPU and 30% on I/O. In order to achieve an overall system speedup of 30%: a) How much faster does the CPU need to be? b) How much faster does the disk need to be?Suppose your company has decided that it needs to make certain busy servers 30% faster. Processes in the workload spend 70% of their time using the CPU and 30% on I/O. In order to achieve an overall system speedup of 30%:Q.) How much faster does the disk need to be?At a minimum, how many bits are needed in the MAR with each of the following memory sizes? A memory unit that is said to be 640 KB would actually contain how many memory cells? What about a memory of 512 MB? What about a memory of 2 GB? Explain what use read-only memory (ROM) serves in the design of a computer system. What type of information is kept in ROM, and how does that information originally get into the memory?
- There are many parameters that could be used to describe disk performance; Which of the following statements is most true? Note: none of the statements may be true exactly, but one will always be much closer to the truth than the other three. Also note: you should assume all dimensions and parameters of the disk are unchanged except for the ones mentioned. a) If you double the number of sectors per block, then you halve the capacity of the disk. b) If you double the rotational speed of the disk, then you halve the average rotational latency. c) If you divide tracks into half as many blocks, then you double the read time for a block. d) If you double the number of bits per track, then you double the average rotational latency.Suppose that a 2M × 16 main memory is built using 256K × 8 RAM chips and that memory is word addressable.1. a) How many RAM chips are necessary?2. b) If we were accessing one full word, how many chips would be involved? 3. c) How many address bits are needed for each RAM chip?4. d) How many banks will this memory have?5. e) How many address bits are needed for all memory?6. f) If high-order interleaving is used, where would address 14 (which is E in hex) be located?7. g) Repeat exercise 9f for low-order interleaving.For example, we mentioned in our explanation of the physical elements of disk performance that upgrading from 7,200rpm disks to 10,000rpm disks may result in a performance increase ranging from 10% to 50%. What might possibly cause a 10% increase in performance? Is it possible that there will be no improvement at all? Explain. (Hint: Rotational delay is not the only element that influences the performance of a hard drive.)
- a.What is the cost of 1 MB of main memory? b.What is the cost of 1 MB of main memory using cache memory technology? c.If the effective access time is 10% greater than the cache access time, what is the hit ratio H?A company that has engaged in a business that requires fast response times has just received a bid for a new system that includes much more storage than was specified in the requirements document. When the company questioned the vendor about the increased storage, the vendor said he was bidding a set of the smallest-capacity disk drives that the company makes. Why didn’t the vendor just bid fewer disks?q) How the operation of software interrupt instructions differs i.e. INT, INTO, INT 3, and BOUND? q) Dynamic RAM (DRAM) retains data for only a short period (usually 2–4 ms) creatingproblems for the memory system designer. What type of mechanism is required to overcome this problem in DRAMs? q) What are the three common methods of expanding the interrupt structure of themicroprocessor? Explain any one of them along with example.