A. Suppose TCP operates over a 1-Gbps link. Assuming TCP could utilize the full bandwidth continuously, how long would it take the sequence numbers to wrap around completely? В. fill in the blanks 1. The packets exchanged between TCP peers are called 2. In TCP Header The Acknowledgment, SequenceNum, and AdvertisedWindow fields are all involved in TCP's 3. In TCP Header The SYN flag is used when 4. Required window size for 100-ms RTT and bandwidth 1.5Mbps is 5. In Karn/ Partridge algorithm If the variance among Sample RTTS is small Then the Estimated There is no need to 6. АТM (-- 7. Instead of using coax cable, an Ethernet can be constructed from a thinner cable known as 10Base2, thus 10 means Base means 2 means that a

A. Suppose TCP operates over a 1-Gbps link. Assuming TCP could utilize the full bandwidth continuously, how long would it take the sequence numbers to wrap around completely? В. fill in the blanks 1. The packets exchanged between TCP peers are called 2. In TCP Header The Acknowledgment, SequenceNum, and AdvertisedWindow fields are all involved in TCP's 3. In TCP Header The SYN flag is used when 4. Required window size for 100-ms RTT and bandwidth 1.5Mbps is 5. In Karn/ Partridge algorithm If the variance among Sample RTTS is small Then the Estimated There is no need to 6. АТM (-- 7. Instead of using coax cable, an Ethernet can be constructed from a thinner cable known as 10Base2, thus 10 means Base means 2 means that a

Principles of Information Security (MindTap Course List)

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337102063

Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord

Publisher:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord

Chapter6: Security Technology: Access Controls, Firewalls, And Vpns

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2RQ

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P27. Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number? If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number? If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number? Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B.…
Consider transferring an enormous file of L bytes from Host A to Host B. Assume an MSS of 536 bytes.a. What is the maximum value of L such that TCP sequence numbers are not exhausted? Recall that the TCP sequence number field has 4 bytes.b. For the L you obtain in (a), find how long it takes to transmit the file. Assume that a total of 66 bytes of transport, network, and data-link header are added to each segment before the resulting packet is sent out over a 155 Mbps link. Ignore flow control and congestion control so A can pump out the segments back to back and continuously.
Consider transferring an enormous file of L bytes from host A to host B. Assume an MSS of 1460 bytes.a. What is the maximum value of L such that TCP sequence numbers are not exhausted? Recall that the TCP sequence number field has four bytes.b. For the L you obtain in (a), find how long it takes to transmit the file Assume that a total of 66 bytes of transport, network, and data-link header are added to each segment before the resulting packet is sent out over at 10 Mbps link. Ignore flow control and congestion control so A can pump out the segments back to back and continuously.
Consider the following plot below of TCP window size as a function of time. Assuming TCP Reno is the protocol experiencing the behaviour shown above, answer the following questions. In all cases, you should provide a short discussion justifying your answer. d. After the 22nd transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a timeout?e. What is the initial value of Threshold at the first transmission round?f. What is the value of threshold at the 18th transmission round?g. What is the value of threshold at the 24th transmission round?h. During what transmission round is the 70th segment sent?i. Assuming a packet lost is detected after the 26th round by the receipt of a triple duplicate ACK, what will be the values of the congestion-window size and of Threshold?
Consider the following plot below of TCP window size as a function of time. Assuming TCP Reno is the protocol experiencing the behaviour shown above, answer the following questions. In all cases, you should provide a short discussion justifying your answer.a. Identify the intervals of time when TCP slow start is operating.b. Identify the intervals of time when TCP congestion avoidance is operating.c. After the 16th transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a timeout?d. After the 22nd transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a timeout?e. What is the initial value of Threshold at the first transmission round?f. What is the value of threshold at the 18th transmission round?g. What is the value of threshold at the 24th transmission round?h. During what transmission round is the 70th segment sent?i. Assuming a packet lost is detected after the 26th round by the receipt of a triple duplicate ACK, what will be the values…
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B. The first acknowledgment is lost and the second acknowledgment arrives after the first timeout interval. Draw a timing diagram, showing these segments and all other segments and acknowledgments sent. (Assume there is no additional packet loss.) For each segment in your figure, provide the sequence number and the number of bytes of data; for each acknowledgment that you add, provide the acknowledgment number.
3.5-4 TCP sequence numbers and ACKs (2). Suppose that as shown in the figure below, a TCP sender is sending segments with 100 bytes of payload. The TCP sender sends five segments with sequence numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. Suppose that the segment with sequence number 300 is lost. The TCP receiver will buffer correctly-received but not-yet-in-order segments for later delivery to the application layer (once missing segments are later received).
Below are the two questions, so make sure to answer each part carefully and label the response for each question: 1) Why does TCP implement congestion control if it already has flow control to manage the sender's window? 2) Consider our recent reading [Chiu+89] Analysis of the Increase and Decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. How does this article showcases that TCP is fair?
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B backto-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A.a. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number?b. If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number?c. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number?d. Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B. The…
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection. Host B has already received from Host A all bytes up through byte 23. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and the second segments contain 30 and 50 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 24, the source port number is 3000, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what arethe sequence number_________,source port number __________,and destination port number__________?B. If the second segment arrives after the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the second segment, what arethe acknowledgment number___________,the source port number__________,and the destination port number __________?C. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment,what is the acknowledgment number ___________?D.…
Below are the two questions, so make sure to answer each part carefully: Why does TCP implement congestion control if it already has flow control to manage the sender's window? Consider our recent reading [Chiu+89] Analysis of the Increase and Decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. How does this article showcases that TCP is fair?
Q1: Simple, compare between each of the following? TCP and UDP protocols Network and transport layers RDT 2.1 and RDT 2.2 Pipelined protocols and Stop and wait protocols Q2. Write the definition of each TCP header filed. Q3. State and example to clarify the bad performance of RDT 3.0