a. What are all the transversions that can be made starting with the codon CGG?b. Which of these transversions will be missense? Can you be sure?

Q: Can nonsense mutations be reversed by hydroxylamine? Why or why not?

A: Mutations are the events that results in change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can be a result of…

Q: the string of A nucleotide following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent terminator were…

A: Several mechanisms of regulation transcription termination are discovered in bacterium and…

Q: Is chromatin structure is altered in transcription? Explain

A: Solution-  Chromatin- It is a thread like structure in nucleus. it's uncondensed molecules of DNA…

Q: What are the known exceptions to the genetic code?

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What is the purpose of DNA methylation? Why is it ineffective in the DNA repair of spontaneous…

A: DNA methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to DNA at Nucleotide bases, so that without…

Q: Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect…

A: The mutation is the change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. The point mutation is the mutation…

Q: Describe untranslated regions (UTR).

A: Untranslated region The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product ie the 5'…

Q: What could be the effect  of a base substitution which prevents post-transcriptional removal of an…

A: A base substitution is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed in the sequence…

Q: Also, describe what happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into the gene encoding…

A: Mutations- Change in the sequence & structure of genetic material. Mutation causing agents are…

Q: What are deletion mutations? Also plzz mention its types Quickkkkk

A: The mutation causes alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. It is caused by natural as well as…

Q: What does “Universality and Degeneracy” of the Genetic Code mean? State the significance of both the…

A: The genetic code is said to be nearly universal. It means that a given codon specifies the same…

Q: What are deletion mutation with suitable example?

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutations are variations in…

Q: Why is it necessary for portions of σ-factor protein to fit into the major groove?

A: Sigma (σ) factor is the peptide subunit needed for the initiation of RNA transcription in…

Q: How can these designed nucleases alter the sequence of the genomic DNA?

A: The Common approach to understand gene function in a systematic and unbiased way is including…

Q: Suppose that the string of A nucleotides following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent…

A: Rho-factor is a type of protein, which causes the termination of the transcription process in…

Q: What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents s from dissociating from the RNA…

A: RNA polymerase or DNA dependent RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the template…

Q: 10. List three examples of stop codons. a) .. b) .... c)

A: Genetic code It is a dictionary that corresponds with sequence of nucleotides and sequence of amino…

Q: 1b) Give the anticodon of the tRNA that would be complementary or a perfect match to the codon…

A: The codon is defined as a sequence of three nucleotide bases on messenger RNA responsible for…

Q: Define FOUR (4) types of point mutations within coding sequences

A: Coding sequences are the sequence of nucleotides in DNA capable to produce a protein. Many mutations…

Q: mutant appear on a gel in comparison

A: Point mutations can cause serious changes to an organism if they change the way a protein works By…

Q: To identify the following types of genetic occurrences, would acomputer program use sequence…

A: Introduction  With the advancements of Bioinformatics tools and sequencing techniques we can easily…

Q: What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents σ from dissociating from the RNA…

A: After the initiation of the transcription, the RNA strand would elongate by the action of RNA…

Q: Explain why it is sometimes difficult to locate genomic regions that encode a protein.

A: A gene is a DNA-based functional heredity unit that delivers instructions for the production of RNA…

Q: Explain about Formation of the RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation Complex ?

A: The process of transcription (synthesis of RNA from DNA) is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to…

Q: All of the following are functions of introns EXCEPT A. Provide buffering capacity against mutations…

A: Introns are non coding sections of RNA transcripts that are removed by splicing before the…

Q: explain Instability of TE insertion mutations

A: Transposable elements (TEs) are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences that move from one location to…

Q: . a. What are all the transversions that can be made starting with the codon CGG?b. Which of these…

A: In molecular biology, a point mutation in DNA occurs when a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is…

Q: Why aren't ssb proteins necessary in transcription?

A: central dogma of molecular biology suggests the flow of biological information from dna to rna to…

Q: What is codon bias?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores the cell’s genetic information and is present in the nucleus of…

Q: How many codons are there in the ORF region of INS transcript ?

A: The INS gene encodes for insulin hormone that is answerable for glucose homeostasis and control…

Q: Introns in protein-coding genes of some eukaryotes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides long. What…

A: Unconstrained DNA sequence which are those sequences whose evolution is unaffected by selection are…

Q: Identify the type of point mutation on the following strands (transition or transversion):  a. 5’…

A: The mutation is the sudden deleterious effects in the DNA sequences, they can arise when the DNA is…

Q: A particular transposable element generates flanking direct repeats that are 4 bp long. Give the…

A: Transposons are the DNA sequences capable of changing its position or location within the genome of…

Q: Given the sequence of triplet codons: 5′-TAC AAA ATA CAG CGG-3′, write out one of each: transition;…

A: Transition mutation refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A…

Q: This chapter describes different types of TEs, including insertionelements, simple transposons, LTR…

A: Transposable elements (TEs) are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences that move from one location to…

Q: Identify the best match between the mutation description and term.   a. Transversion: results in a…

A: Often mutation occurs in our body. These mutations can be beneficial or lethal. The mutation occurs…

Q: a. Why is it impossible to induce nonsense mutations(represented at the mRNA level by the triplets…

A: The mutation is a sudden and permanent change in the organism. It can be passed down from generation…

Q: ATTTGAGCC- Original ATTGAGCC - Mutated   The example above is an example of a  Nonsense Deletion-…

A: Any detectable , inheritable qualitative or quantative change in genetic material of an organism not…

Q: A particular transposable element generates flanking direct repeats that are 4 bp long. Give the…

A: The sequence of DNA that changes position in the genome, at times reverses or creates mutations,…

Q: Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects…

A: A mutation is an alteration in the genetic material of cells of a living organism or of a virus that…

Q: What factor might potentially determine the length of the flanking direct repeats that are produced…

A: Flanking or terminal repeats are the sequences DNA that are repeated on the both ends of a sequence…

Q: • Inversions alter the order, but not the number, of geneson a __________

A: The number and the structure of the chromosomes are maintained as such during the meiosis, however,…

Q: b. Explain how Nirenberg and Leder/Matthaei were able to create many of the codon/amino acids found…

A: Nirenberg and P. Leder developed a triplet binding assay in 1964. It was an historically important…

Q: Is primary transcript of INS gene same as that of nucleotide encoding region of a transcription unit…

A: Replication, Transcription, and Translation are the central dogma of molecular biology. A segment of…

Q: where is the transcript headed following transcription and why?

A: Ad per the central dogma, the genetic information that is present in the coded form (DNA) is…

Q: What would be the effect on transcription of a short insertional mutation between the-10 box and the…

A: The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information through the…

Q: Explain the Mutations at the Huntington disease locus are caused by an expansion of a trinucleotide…

A: Huntington’s disease is a brain disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is…

Q: What is meant by the term chromatin remodeling? Describe the importance of this process to…

A: Chromatin remodeling:It is the chromatin rearrangement from a condensed condition to a…

Q: Draw the SMN2 mature mRNA before treatment with Spinraza

A: To better understand let's revise that the DNA is the hereditary molecule that transfers genetic…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.