A particular transposable element generates flanking direct repeats that are 4 bp long. Give the sequence that will be found on both sides of the transposable element if this transposable element inserts at the position indicated on each of the following sequences. a. Transposable element, a. 5'-ATTCGAACTGACCGATCA-3' b. b. Transposable element 5'-ATTCGAACTGACCGATCA-3'
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- The E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition sequence for the trp repressor would be expected to occur in the E. coli chromosome? (b) Explain why it is advantageous for the trp repressor to be a dimer that recognizes two adjacent 6-bp sequences.What would be the consequence of inserting 10 random base pairs immediately downstream of the -10 box in a strong promoter? And What sort of lab techniques/experiments could be used to determine these consequences?In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence: 3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? 4B. If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of haemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.
- In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence: 3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? 4B. If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of haemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region. 4C. In NOT more than 200 words, explain how eukaryotic RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is modified before leaving the nucleus?in the human gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin, the first 30 nucleotides in the amino acid coding region is represented by the sequence 3'TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of hemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.Shown below is a portion of a wild-type DNA sequence that encodes the last amino acids of a protein that is 270 amino acids long. The first three bolded base pairs indicate the frame and include the coding region. 5^ ...GCTAAGTATTGCTCAAGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG 3^ 3^.. CGATTCATAACGAGTTCTAATCCTACTATTTATTGACC 5^ Which strand is the template strand for transcription of this gene? Briefly explain how you know. An insertion of one base pair causes the protein to decrease in length by seven amino acids. With respect to the sequence given above, where does this insertion occur? A change of one base pair leads to the protein increasing in the length by one amino acid. With respect to the sequence given above, which base pair would you change, and what would you change this base pair for the protein to increase in the length by one amino acid?
- Certain repeated sequences in eukaryotes are flanked by short direct repeats, suggesting that they originated as transposable elements. These same sequences lack introns and possess a string of thymine nucleotides at one end. Have these elements transposed as DNA or through RNA sequences? Explain your reasoning.Identify the type of point mutation on the following strands (transition or transversion): a. 5’ TACTGCA 3’ 5’ TATTGCA 3’ 3’ ATGACGT 5’ 3’ ATAACGT 5’ b. 5’ CGACGTTA 3’ 5’ CGAGGTTA 3’ 3’ GCTGCAAT 5’ 3’ GCTCCAAT 5’c. Which of these types is more common and why?There may be more than one correct answer for each Which of the following motifs can be found in DNA-binding proteins? a.) helix-loop-helix b.) zinc fingers c.) leucine zippers d.) CpG islands Which of the following motifs can be used to bind protein dimers? a.) helix-loop-helix b.) zinc fingers c.) leucine zippers d.) CpG islands Which of the following are correct regarding enhancers? a.) Enhancers may be located a great distance from the initiation site they regulate. b.) Enhancers can be either upstream or downstream from the initiation site. c.) Enhancers directly bind DNA and prevent binding of activators to the DNA. d.) Enhancers may function in either orientation (forward or backward).
- Codon optimization is a widely used process for recombinant expression in prokaryotic systems. Regarding this process, mark the incorrect alternative. * A)increases the overall yield of expression of recombinant proteins. B)prevents the formation of truncated proteins. C)increases the frequency of tRNAs that recognize rare codons. D)does not interfere with the primary sequence of the recombinant protein.Describe how the association of DNMT1 with the UHRF1 and PCNA proteins ensures that it will be found on hemimethylated DNA.Comparing the -10 regions of two E. coli promoters which have identical -35 regions revealed the sequence TATAAT for the first and GATACT for the second one. Why does the first promoter cause a higher transcription rate than the second one? a. The transcription rate from the first promoter will be higher, because RNA polymerase will bind TATAAT with a higher affinity than GATACT. b. It will be higher, because formation of the open promoter complex is more easily achieved with TATAAT than with GATACT. c. It will be higher, because TATAAT of the -10 region is transcribed into UAUAAU, which forms fewer hydrogen bonds with the template strand than GAUACU. d. a and b, but not c e. a, b, and c