a. What the alleles in the parental gametes? b. What are the alleles in the double crossover gametes? c. What gene is in the middle of the three?
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A:
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A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…
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- When Calvin Bridges observed a large number of offspring from a cross of white-eyed female Drosophila tored-eyed males, he found very rare white-eyed femalesand red-eyed males among the offspring. He was ableto show that these exceptions resulted from nondisjunction, such that the white-eyed females had received twoXs from the egg and a Y from the sperm, while thered-eyed males had received no sex chromosome fromthe egg and an X from the sperm. What progeny wouldhave arisen from these same kinds of nondisjunctionalevents if they had occurred in the male parent? Whatwould their eye colors have been?. In corn, the allele A allows the deposition ofanthocyanin (blue) pigment in the kernels(seeds), while aa plants have yellow kernels.At a second gene, W- produces smoothkernels, while ww kernels are wrinkled. Aplant with blue smooth kernels was crossedto a plant with yellow wrinkled kernels. Theprogeny consisted of 1447 blue smooth, 169blue wrinkled, 186 yellow smooth, and 1510yellow wrinkled.a. Are the a and w loci linked? If so, how farapart are they?b. What was the genotype of the blue smoothparent? Include the chromosomearrangement of alleles.c. If a plant grown from a blue wrinkled progenyseed is crossed to a plant grown from ayellow smooth F1 seed, what kinds of kernelswould be expected, and in what proportions?In examining a large sample of yeast colonies on a petridish, a geneticist finds an abnormal-looking colonythat is very small. This small colony was crossed withwild type, and products of meiosis (ascospores) werespread on a plate to produce colonies. In total, therewere 188 wild-type (normal-size) colonies and 180small ones.a. What can be deduced from these results regardingthe inheritance of the small-colony phenotype? (Inventgenetic symbols.)b. What would an ascus from this cross look like?
- Many genetic disorders exhibit locus heterogeneity. Define andgive two examples of locus heterogeneity. How does locus heterogeneityconfound a pedigree analysis?Let’s suppose you have pedigree data from thousands of differentfamilies involving a particular genetic disease. How would youdecide whether the disease is inherited as a recessive trait asopposed to one that is dominant but shows incomplete penetrance?What is a reciprocal cross? Suppose that a gene is found as a wildtype (functional) allele and a recessive mutant (nonfunctional)allele. What would be the expected outcomes of reciprocal crossesif a true-breeding normal individual was crossed to a true-breedingindividual carrying the mutant allele? What would be the results ifthe gene is maternally inherited?
- . In corn, the allele A allows the deposition of anthocyanin (blue) pigment in the kernels (seeds), while aaplants have yellow kernels. At a second gene, W–produces smooth kernels, while ww kernels are wrinkled. A plant with blue smooth kernels was crossedto a plant with yellow wrinkled kernels. The progenyconsisted of 1447 blue smooth, 169 blue wrinkled,186 yellow smooth, and 1510 yellow wrinkled.a. Are the a and w loci linked? If so, how far apartare they?b. What was the genotype of the blue smooth parent?Include the chromosome arrangement of alleles.c. If a plant grown from a blue wrinkled progeny seedis crossed to a plant grown from a yellow smoothF1 seed, what kinds of kernels would be expected,and in what proportions?In Drosophila, a cross was made between a yellowbodied male with vestigial (not fully developed)wings and a wild-type female (brown body). The F1generation consisted of wild-type males and wild-typefemales. F1 males and females were crossed, and theF2 progeny consisted of 16 yellow-bodied males withvestigial wings, 48 yellow-bodied males with normalwings, 15 males with brown bodies and vestigialwings, 49 wild-type males, 31 brown-bodied femaleswith vestigial wings, and 97 wild-type females.Explain the inheritance of the two genes in questionbased on these results.In pedigrees, individuals are usually specified by using a Roman numeral for their generation in the chart and an Arabic number for their position (reading left to right) within that generation. If we use the letter c for the allele that causes cystic fibrosis, what are the genotypes of individuals III-3 and III-4 (the third and fourth individuals shown in generation III) in the pedigree that shows this disease?
- In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white feathers due to an autosomal dominant allele. Silkies have white feathers due to a recessive allele in a second (different) gene. If a true-breeding whiteLeghorn is crossed to a true-breeding white Silkie, what is theexpected phenotype of the F1 generation? If members of the F1generation are mated to each other, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation? Assume the chickens in the parental generation are homozygous for the white allele at one gene andhomozygous for the brown allele at the other gene. In subsequentgenerations, nonwhite birds will be brown.In one study, Gregor Mendel crossed yellow-seeded, tall garden pea with a green-seeded,short garden pea. The F1 offspring were all yellow-seeded and tall. Assumingindependent assortment of these two genes, what phenotypes and proportions did he finamong F2 offspring when the F1 garden peas are allowed to fertilize themselves? Show the solution with punnett square.Let’s suppose a genetic disease is caused by a mutantallele. If two affected parents produce an unaffected offspring, can themutant allele be recessive?