a. Why does the wage-setting relation in Figure 1 have an upward slope? As N approaches L, what happens to the unemployment rate? b. The price-setting relation is horizontal. How would an increase in the mark-up affect the position of the price- setting relation in Figure 1? How would an increase in the mark-up affect the natural rate of unemployment in Figure 12
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- Question 1: a) Show the equilibrium outcome of the wage-setting, price-setting model of the labour market and provide economic intuition for the model. b) Show how the equilibrium real wage and level of employment in this model changes when there is an increase in the power of trade unions. Do the changes in wages and employment seem reasonable to you? c) Briefly explain why a wage subsidy changes equilibrium in this model.10 DRAW A GRAPH. WITHOUT GRAPH THUMBS DOWN!Suppose the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 2% and the wage-setting equation is W=P(1-u) with u being the unemployment rate.1. What is the Natural level on Unemployment?2. What is the real wage as determined by the price setting equation?3. If the markup increases to 2.5% due to an increase in the price of Oil what happens to the natural rate of employment? Explain briefly and graphically this change.A6 Show that the real wage implied by price-setting behaviour is a constant fraction of the marginal product of labour. How does this share vary with the intensity of product market competition? Explain intuitively.
- Consider the following model of the economy Production function: Y = AKN – N2/2Marginal product of labor: MPN = AK – N. Where the initial values of A = 8 and K = 10. The initial labor supply curve is given as: NS = 20 + 9w. Cd = 401 + .50(Y-T) – 500rId = 800 – 500rG = 500T= 100 Md/P = 469 + 0.5Y- 1000r Nominal Money supply M = 4000 We assume that expectedinflation is zero (?e?= 0) so that money demand depends directly onthe real interest rate (since i = r). 1 a) Solve for the labor market clearing real wage (w*), theprofit maximizing level of labor input (N*), and the full employment level ofoutput (Y*). Please show your work. Draw two diagrams verticallywith the labor market on the bottom graph and the production function on thetop graph. Be sure to label everything including this initial equilibrium pointas point A b) Derive an expression for the IS curve (r in terms of Y). Please show all work c) Find the real interest rate that clears the goods market. Please show all work…a) Which of the following is not true? Frictional unemployment on the labor market arises from a lack of information in the labor market Cyclical unemployment exists because of a recession It is logically impossible for both the unemployment and the employment rates to both simultaneously increase or decrease together Structural unemployment exists because of mismatched worker skills and job availability Full employment requires that no cyclical unemployment exists on the labor market b) Suppose we have the following: (4th order) Value of trees $5 per tree and 1,000 tree harvested; (3rd order) 1,000 trees fabricated in to $25 wood pulp per ton (1,000 tons): (2nd order) 50,000 rolls of facial tissue ($10 each); (1st order consumer goods) of 30,000 boxes of Kleenex tissue at Safeway for $1 each. Which of the following it the correct calculation of GNP? $540,000 $400,000 $450,000 30,000 None of the above is correct8. Refer to Figure 28-3. If the minimum wage is set at $100, how many will be unemployed? 9. Refer to Figure 28-3. If the minimum wage is equal to $125, what is the quantity of labor supplied, thequantity of labor demanded, and number unemployed? 10. Suppose the interest rate is 5% and that you are to receive three annual payments of $10,000, with the first payment one year from now, the second payment two years from now, and the third payment three years from now. What is the present value of this stream of payments?
- 5. Consider the following changes in the sticky-wage model. a. Suppose labor contracts are fully indexed for inflation so that as inflation changes. That is, the nominal wage is to be adjusted to fully compensate for changes in the consumer price index. How does full indexation alter the AS curve in this model? b. Suppose that now indexation is only partial. That is, for every increase in the CPI, the nominal wage rises, but by a smaller percentage. How does partial indexation alter the AS curve in this model?Assume that prices and wages adjust rapidly so that the markets for labor, goods and assets are always in equilibrium. What is the effect of a temporary increase in government purchases (G) on; real wage (w), full employment level of employment (LF) real output (YF), the real interest rate (r), current price level (P) inflation (Π) amount of investment (I)? Please explain with details how and why the change in a temporary increase in government purchases (G) affects each market (labor, goods and assets markets) by using graphs.Inflation in the Philippines this year has surged to 4.9% in 2022, exceeding the inflationtarget band set by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. In response, the BSP might raise theirkey real interest rate soon, which will in turn affect loaning and lending rates in thecountry. In response to these conditions, firms and investors are growing anxious and assuch, are planning on pulling back on their investments. Given all the information above, illustrate and explain the effects of the decrease ininvestment on the economy. Make sure to cover the following: shifts (if any) in theaggregate expenditure curve, the change in equilibrium output (i.e. identify and comparethe old and new level of equilibrium output in the graph, and the multiplier effect.
- Q. 12-15. Consider the standard job search model as described in the text. (a) Why are the asking wage and expected unemployment duration positively related? (b) Can the standard job search model explain why unemployment duration is longer, on average, for secondary workers when compared to primary workers? Discuss. (c) In the context of the standard search model, explain how the economy-wide average asking wage and unemployment duration are affected by an expanded underground (cash) economy. What is the effect on the equilibrium unemployment rate? BOOK: Labor Economics, 8th Edition, by George Borjas, published by McGraw-Hill. Chapter 12Assume that the stock market experiences a massive rally, leading to a significant increase inhousehold wealth. Analyze the effects of this increase in household wealth:a. On employment and the real wage (the labor market). Explain and show graphicallySuppose that the natural level of unemployment in Ausland is 4% and that the current unemployment rate is 3.5%. Which statement would be most consistent with the information above? Select one: a. The aggregate demand curve at the current level of unemployment would lie below the aggregate demand curve when unemployment is at the natural rate. Consequently, workers have a strong bargaining position b. The aggregate demand curve at the current level of unemployment would lie above the aggregate demand curve when unemployment is at the natural rate. Consequently, there is downward pressure on inflation. c. The aggregate demand curve at the current level of unemployment would lie above the aggregate demand curve when unemployment is at the natural rate. Consequently, there would be downward pressure on the policy rate d. The aggregate demand curve at the current level of unemployment would lie above the aggregate demand curve when unemployment is at the natural rate.…