a. The proportion of Pennsylvanians with a high school diploma is equal to 0.83. b. The proportion of Pennsylvanians with a high school diploma is greater than 0.83. c. 0.83 is a plausible value for the proportion of Pennsylvanians with a high school diploma. d. The proportion of Pennsylvanians with a high school diploma is different from 0.83

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.