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Additional Exercises 99 17. Draw a structupcue representing Rutherford's understanding of the 18. Draw a picture representing protons, neutrons, and electron cloud. structure of an atom of nitrogen-14. Show the location of the protons, neutrons, and electron cloud represen ure of an atom of carbon-12. Show the location of the sotopic notation symbols for each of the following: 20. Write isotopic notation symbols for each of the following: vee number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the 22. Tell the number of protons, following isotopes. following isotopes. 23Na (c) manganese-55 (6SMn) (d) potassium-39 (°K) 23. An unknown element contains 33 protons, 36 electrons, and has 24. An unknown element contains 56 protons, 54 electrons, and has a mass number 135. Answer the following questions: a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. a mass number 76. Answer the following questions: (a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. 25. Nitrogen atoms tend to gain 3 electrons to form nitride anions. 26 Calcium atoms tend to lose 2 electrons to form a calcium cation. (a) What is the charge on a nitride anion? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a nitrogen atom in atom (a) What is the charge on a calcium cation? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a calcium atom in atom- ic mass units? (c) Calculate the mass of the 2 electrons lost by a calcium cation (c) Calculate the mass of the 3 electrons gained by a nitride anion in atomic mass units. n atomic mass units. (d) Does the mass of a nitrogen atom change significantly when (d) Does the mass of a calcium atom change significantly when it gains electrons to become an anion? it loses electrons to become a cation? 27. Naturally occurring zirconium exists as five stable isotopes: 90zr 28. Naturally occurring titanium exists as five stable isotopes. Four with a mass of 89.905 u (51.45%; 91Zr with amas of 90.906 u of the isotopes are 4 Ti with a mass of 45.953 u (8.0%); 4 Ti with a mass of 46.952 u (7.3%). 48T1 with a mass of 47.948 u (73.8%); and 49T1 with a mass of 48.948 u (5.5%). The average mass of an atom of titanium is 47.9 u. Determine the mass of (11.22%); 92Zr with a mass of 91.905 u (17.15%), 94Zr with a mass of 93.906 u (17.38%), and 96Zr with a mass of 95.908 u (2.80%). Calculate the average mass of zirconium. the fifth isotope of titanium 29. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One 30. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One isotope has a mass of 62.9296 u (69.17% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 34.9689 u (75.77% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 64.9278 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity isotope has a mass of 36.9659 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity 32. An aluminum atom has an average diameter of about 31. An average dimension for the radius ofan atom is 1.0× 10-80m, and the average radius of the nucleus is 1.0 × 10-13 cm. Deter mine the ratio of atomic volume to nuclear volume. Assume that the atom is spherical V = (48)Tr3 for a sphere 3.0 x 10-8 cm. The nucleus has a diameter of about 2.0 x 10-13 cm. Calculate the ratio of the atom's diameter to its nucleus 33. Elemental boron is composed of two isotopes, boron-10 and 34. Elemental iridium is composed of two stable isotopes, iridium-191 (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two sotopes of boron? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes isotopes of iridium? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each of these isotopes. of these isotopes. ADDITIONAL EXERCISE S 5. What experimental evidence supports these statements? 36. Given the following information, determine which, if any, elements (a) The nucleus of an atom is small. (b) The atom consists of both positive and negative charges. (c) The nucleus of the atom is positive. (a) mass number 32; number of neutrons 17 (b) mass number 32; number of protons 16 (c) number of protons 15; number of neutrons 16

Additional Exercises 99 17. Draw a structupcue representing Rutherford's understanding of the 18. Draw a picture representing protons, neutrons, and electron cloud. structure of an atom of nitrogen-14. Show the location of the protons, neutrons, and electron cloud represen ure of an atom of carbon-12. Show the location of the sotopic notation symbols for each of the following: 20. Write isotopic notation symbols for each of the following: vee number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the 22. Tell the number of protons, following isotopes. following isotopes. 23Na (c) manganese-55 (6SMn) (d) potassium-39 (°K) 23. An unknown element contains 33 protons, 36 electrons, and has 24. An unknown element contains 56 protons, 54 electrons, and has a mass number 135. Answer the following questions: a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. a mass number 76. Answer the following questions: (a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. 25. Nitrogen atoms tend to gain 3 electrons to form nitride anions. 26 Calcium atoms tend to lose 2 electrons to form a calcium cation. (a) What is the charge on a nitride anion? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a nitrogen atom in atom (a) What is the charge on a calcium cation? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a calcium atom in atom- ic mass units? (c) Calculate the mass of the 2 electrons lost by a calcium cation (c) Calculate the mass of the 3 electrons gained by a nitride anion in atomic mass units. n atomic mass units. (d) Does the mass of a nitrogen atom change significantly when (d) Does the mass of a calcium atom change significantly when it gains electrons to become an anion? it loses electrons to become a cation? 27. Naturally occurring zirconium exists as five stable isotopes: 90zr 28. Naturally occurring titanium exists as five stable isotopes. Four with a mass of 89.905 u (51.45%; 91Zr with amas of 90.906 u of the isotopes are 4 Ti with a mass of 45.953 u (8.0%); 4 Ti with a mass of 46.952 u (7.3%). 48T1 with a mass of 47.948 u (73.8%); and 49T1 with a mass of 48.948 u (5.5%). The average mass of an atom of titanium is 47.9 u. Determine the mass of (11.22%); 92Zr with a mass of 91.905 u (17.15%), 94Zr with a mass of 93.906 u (17.38%), and 96Zr with a mass of 95.908 u (2.80%). Calculate the average mass of zirconium. the fifth isotope of titanium 29. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One 30. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One isotope has a mass of 62.9296 u (69.17% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 34.9689 u (75.77% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 64.9278 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity isotope has a mass of 36.9659 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity 32. An aluminum atom has an average diameter of about 31. An average dimension for the radius ofan atom is 1.0× 10-80m, and the average radius of the nucleus is 1.0 × 10-13 cm. Deter mine the ratio of atomic volume to nuclear volume. Assume that the atom is spherical V = (48)Tr3 for a sphere 3.0 x 10-8 cm. The nucleus has a diameter of about 2.0 x 10-13 cm. Calculate the ratio of the atom's diameter to its nucleus 33. Elemental boron is composed of two isotopes, boron-10 and 34. Elemental iridium is composed of two stable isotopes, iridium-191 (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two sotopes of boron? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes isotopes of iridium? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each of these isotopes. of these isotopes. ADDITIONAL EXERCISE S 5. What experimental evidence supports these statements? 36. Given the following information, determine which, if any, elements (a) The nucleus of an atom is small. (b) The atom consists of both positive and negative charges. (c) The nucleus of the atom is positive. (a) mass number 32; number of neutrons 17 (b) mass number 32; number of protons 16 (c) number of protons 15; number of neutrons 16

Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Chapter5: Atomic Theory : The Nuclear Model Of The Atom
Section: Chapter Questions
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Additional Exercises 99 17. Draw a structupcue representing Rutherford's understanding of the 18. Draw a picture representing protons, neutrons, and electron cloud. structure of an atom of nitrogen-14. Show the location of the protons, neutrons, and electron cloud represen ure of an atom of carbon-12. Show the location of the sotopic notation symbols for each of the following: 20. Write isotopic notation symbols for each of the following: vee number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the 22. Tell the number of protons, following isotopes. following isotopes. 23Na (c) manganese-55 (6SMn) (d) potassium-39 (°K) 23. An unknown element contains 33 protons, 36 electrons, and has 24. An unknown element contains 56 protons, 54 electrons, and has a mass number 135. Answer the following questions: a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. a mass number 76. Answer the following questions: (a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. 25. Nitrogen atoms tend to gain 3 electrons to form nitride anions. 26 Calcium atoms tend to lose 2 electrons to form a calcium cation. (a) What is the charge on a nitride anion? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a nitrogen atom in atom (a) What is the charge on a calcium cation? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a calcium atom in atom- ic mass units? (c) Calculate the mass of the 2 electrons lost by a calcium cation (c) Calculate the mass of the 3 electrons gained by a nitride anion in atomic mass units. n atomic mass units. (d) Does the mass of a nitrogen atom change significantly when (d) Does the mass of a calcium atom change significantly when it gains electrons to become an anion? it loses electrons to become a cation? 27. Naturally occurring zirconium exists as five stable isotopes: 90zr 28. Naturally occurring titanium exists as five stable isotopes. Four with a mass of 89.905 u (51.45%; 91Zr with amas of 90.906 u of the isotopes are 4 Ti with a mass of 45.953 u (8.0%); 4 Ti with a mass of 46.952 u (7.3%). 48T1 with a mass of 47.948 u (73.8%); and 49T1 with a mass of 48.948 u (5.5%). The average mass of an atom of titanium is 47.9 u. Determine the mass of (11.22%); 92Zr with a mass of 91.905 u (17.15%), 94Zr with a mass of 93.906 u (17.38%), and 96Zr with a mass of 95.908 u (2.80%). Calculate the average mass of zirconium. the fifth isotope of titanium 29. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One 30. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One isotope has a mass of 62.9296 u (69.17% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 34.9689 u (75.77% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 64.9278 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity isotope has a mass of 36.9659 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity 32. An aluminum atom has an average diameter of about 31. An average dimension for the radius ofan atom is 1.0× 10-80m, and the average radius of the nucleus is 1.0 × 10-13 cm. Deter mine the ratio of atomic volume to nuclear volume. Assume that the atom is spherical V = (48)Tr3 for a sphere 3.0 x 10-8 cm. The nucleus has a diameter of about 2.0 x 10-13 cm. Calculate the ratio of the atom's diameter to its nucleus 33. Elemental boron is composed of two isotopes, boron-10 and 34. Elemental iridium is composed of two stable isotopes, iridium-191 (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two sotopes of boron? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes isotopes of iridium? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each of these isotopes. of these isotopes. ADDITIONAL EXERCISE S 5. What experimental evidence supports these statements? 36. Given the following information, determine which, if any, elements (a) The nucleus of an atom is small. (b) The atom consists of both positive and negative charges. (c) The nucleus of the atom is positive. (a) mass number 32; number of neutrons 17 (b) mass number 32; number of protons 16 (c) number of protons 15; number of neutrons 16
Transcribed Image Text:Additional Exercises 99 17. Draw a structupcue representing Rutherford's understanding of the 18. Draw a picture representing protons, neutrons, and electron cloud. structure of an atom of nitrogen-14. Show the location of the protons, neutrons, and electron cloud represen ure of an atom of carbon-12. Show the location of the sotopic notation symbols for each of the following: 20. Write isotopic notation symbols for each of the following: vee number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the 22. Tell the number of protons, following isotopes. following isotopes. 23Na (c) manganese-55 (6SMn) (d) potassium-39 (°K) 23. An unknown element contains 33 protons, 36 electrons, and has 24. An unknown element contains 56 protons, 54 electrons, and has a mass number 135. Answer the following questions: a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. a mass number 76. Answer the following questions: (a) What is the atomic number of this element? (b) What are the name and symbol of this element? (c) How many neutrons does it contain? (d) What is the charge on this ion? Is it a cation or an anion? (e) Write the symbolic notation for this element. 25. Nitrogen atoms tend to gain 3 electrons to form nitride anions. 26 Calcium atoms tend to lose 2 electrons to form a calcium cation. (a) What is the charge on a nitride anion? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a nitrogen atom in atom (a) What is the charge on a calcium cation? (b) What is the average atomic mass of a calcium atom in atom- ic mass units? (c) Calculate the mass of the 2 electrons lost by a calcium cation (c) Calculate the mass of the 3 electrons gained by a nitride anion in atomic mass units. n atomic mass units. (d) Does the mass of a nitrogen atom change significantly when (d) Does the mass of a calcium atom change significantly when it gains electrons to become an anion? it loses electrons to become a cation? 27. Naturally occurring zirconium exists as five stable isotopes: 90zr 28. Naturally occurring titanium exists as five stable isotopes. Four with a mass of 89.905 u (51.45%; 91Zr with amas of 90.906 u of the isotopes are 4 Ti with a mass of 45.953 u (8.0%); 4 Ti with a mass of 46.952 u (7.3%). 48T1 with a mass of 47.948 u (73.8%); and 49T1 with a mass of 48.948 u (5.5%). The average mass of an atom of titanium is 47.9 u. Determine the mass of (11.22%); 92Zr with a mass of 91.905 u (17.15%), 94Zr with a mass of 93.906 u (17.38%), and 96Zr with a mass of 95.908 u (2.80%). Calculate the average mass of zirconium. the fifth isotope of titanium 29. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One 30. A particular element exists in two stable isotopic forms. One isotope has a mass of 62.9296 u (69.17% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 34.9689 u (75.77% abundance). The other isotope has a mass of 64.9278 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity isotope has a mass of 36.9659 u. Calculate the average mass of the element and determine its identity 32. An aluminum atom has an average diameter of about 31. An average dimension for the radius ofan atom is 1.0× 10-80m, and the average radius of the nucleus is 1.0 × 10-13 cm. Deter mine the ratio of atomic volume to nuclear volume. Assume that the atom is spherical V = (48)Tr3 for a sphere 3.0 x 10-8 cm. The nucleus has a diameter of about 2.0 x 10-13 cm. Calculate the ratio of the atom's diameter to its nucleus 33. Elemental boron is composed of two isotopes, boron-10 and 34. Elemental iridium is composed of two stable isotopes, iridium-191 (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two (a) How many protons and neutrons are found in these two sotopes of boron? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes isotopes of iridium? (b) Write the correct isotopic notation for each of these isotopes (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each (c) Calculate the mass percent of protons in the nucleus of each of these isotopes. of these isotopes. ADDITIONAL EXERCISE S 5. What experimental evidence supports these statements? 36. Given the following information, determine which, if any, elements (a) The nucleus of an atom is small. (b) The atom consists of both positive and negative charges. (c) The nucleus of the atom is positive. (a) mass number 32; number of neutrons 17 (b) mass number 32; number of protons 16 (c) number of protons 15; number of neutrons 16
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