Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 13ALQ
Hundreds of years ago, alchemists tried to turn lead into gold. Is this possible? If not, why not? If yes, how would you do it?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Ch. 4.4 - Exercise 4.1 Write the formula for each of the...Ch. 4.5 - The average diameter of an atom ¡s1.31010 m. What...Ch. 4.5 - You have learned about three different models of...Ch. 4.7 - Exercise 4.2 Give the number of protons, neutrons,...Ch. 4.7 - Exercise 4.3 Give the number of protons, neutrons,...Ch. 4.7 - Exercise 4.4 Give the symbol for the phosphorus...Ch. 4.8 - Exercise 4.5 Give the symbol and atomic number for...Ch. 4.11 - Thomson and Rutherford helped to show that atoms...Ch. 4.11 - Prob. 4.6SCCh. 4 - Knowing the number of protons in the atom of a...
Ch. 4 - The average mass of a carbon atom is 12.011....Ch. 4 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 4 - Prob. 4ALQCh. 4 - The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid,C6H5NO2 ) can...Ch. 4 - One of the best indications of a useful theory is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 4 - How does Dalton’s atomic theory account for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9ALQCh. 4 - These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson:...Ch. 4 - Heat is applied to an ice cube until only steam is...Ch. 4 - What makes a carbon atom different from a nitrogen...Ch. 4 - Hundreds of years ago, alchemists tried to turn...Ch. 4 - Chlorine has two prominent isotopes,37Cl and35Cl ....Ch. 4 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 4 - Prob. 16ALQCh. 4 - Rutherford was surprised when some of theparticles...Ch. 4 - It is good practice to actively read the textbook...Ch. 4 - Why is the term “sodium chloride molecule”...Ch. 4 - Both atomic elements and molecular elements exist....Ch. 4 - Now that you have gone through Chapter 4, go back...Ch. 4 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23ALQCh. 4 - What were the four fundamental substances...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 4 - What are the live most abundant elements (by mass)...Ch. 4 - Read the “Chemistry in Focus” segment Trace...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 4 - The symbols for most elements are based on the...Ch. 4 - Find the symbol in Column 2 for each name in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 4 - Use the periodic table shown in Fig. 4.9 to find...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 4 - A given compound always contains the same...Ch. 4 - Correct each of the following misstatements from...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 4 - A given compound always contains the same relative...Ch. 4 - Based on the following word descriptions, write...Ch. 4 - Based on the following word descriptions, write...Ch. 4 - Scientists J. J. Thomson and William Thomson (Lord...Ch. 4 - True or false? Rutherford’s bombardment...Ch. 4 - Where are neutrons found in an atom? Are neutrons...Ch. 4 - What are the positively charged particles found in...Ch. 4 - Do the proton and the neutron have exactly the...Ch. 4 - The proton and the (electron/neutron) have almost...Ch. 4 - An average atomic nucleus has a diameter of about...Ch. 4 - Which particles in an atom are most responsible...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 4 - True or false? The mass number of a nucleus...Ch. 4 - For an isolated atom, why do we expect the number...Ch. 4 - Why do we not necessarily expect the number of...Ch. 4 - Dalton’s original atomic theory proposed that all...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 4 - For each of the following elements, use the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 4 - Write the atomic symbol(ZAX) for each of the...Ch. 4 - Write the atomic symbol(ZAX) for each of the...Ch. 4 - How many protons and neutrons are contained in the...Ch. 4 - Read the Chemistry in Focus” segment “Whair”Do You...Ch. 4 - Read the “Chemistry in Focus” segmentIsotope...Ch. 4 - Complete the following table. Name Symbol Atomic...Ch. 4 - True or false? The elements are arranged in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 4 - List the characteristic physical properties that...Ch. 4 - Where are the metallic elements found on the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 4 - List five nonmetallic elements that exist as...Ch. 4 - Under ordinary conditions, only a few pure...Ch. 4 - The elements that lie close to the “stair-step”...Ch. 4 - Prob. 51QAPCh. 4 - Without looking at your textbook or the periodic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 53QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 54QAPCh. 4 - Most substances are composed of _________ rather...Ch. 4 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 57QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 58QAPCh. 4 - Molecules of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas are said...Ch. 4 - Give three examples of gaseous elements that exist...Ch. 4 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 4 - If sodium chloride (table salt) is melted and then...Ch. 4 - Prob. 63QAPCh. 4 - The two most common elemental forms of carbon are...Ch. 4 - An isolated atom has a net charge of ________ .Ch. 4 - Prob. 66QAPCh. 4 - A simple ion with a 3+ charge (for example, A13+)...Ch. 4 - An ion that has two more electrons outside the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 70QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 71QAPCh. 4 - True or false?N3 andP3 contain a different number...Ch. 4 - How many electrons are present in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 74QAPCh. 4 - For the following processes that show the...Ch. 4 - For the following ions, indicate whether electrons...Ch. 4 - For each of the following atomic numbers, use the...Ch. 4 - On the basis of the element’s location in the...Ch. 4 - List some properties of a substance that would...Ch. 4 - Prob. 80QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 81QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 82QAPCh. 4 - For each of the following positive ions, use the...Ch. 4 - For each of the following negative ions, use the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 85APCh. 4 - Prob. 86APCh. 4 - Prob. 87APCh. 4 - Prob. 88APCh. 4 - Which of the following is(are) true regardingand...Ch. 4 - Which subatomic particles contribute most to the...Ch. 4 - Is it possible for the same Iwo elements to form...Ch. 4 - Carbohydrates, a class of compounds containing the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 93APCh. 4 - How many protons and neutrons are contained in the...Ch. 4 - Though the common isotope of aluminum has a mass...Ch. 4 - Prob. 96APCh. 4 - Prob. 97APCh. 4 - Prob. 98APCh. 4 - Prob. 99APCh. 4 - Prob. 100APCh. 4 - Prob. 101APCh. 4 - A metal ion with a 2+ charge contains 34 neutrons...Ch. 4 - Prob. 103APCh. 4 - Write the simplest formula for each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 105APCh. 4 - Write the atomic symbol(ZAX) for each of the...Ch. 4 - How many protons and neutrons are contained in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 108APCh. 4 - Prob. 109APCh. 4 - Prob. 110APCh. 4 - Prob. 111CPCh. 4 - Prob. 112CPCh. 4 - Complete the following table. Number of Protons...Ch. 4 - Prob. 114CPCh. 4 - Using the periodic table, complete the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 116CPCh. 4 - Which of the following is(are) correct? a.40Ca2+...
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- It is good practice to actively read the textbook and to try to verify claims that are made when you can. The following claim is made in your textbook: “. . . if the nucleus were the size of a grape, the electrons would be about 1 mile away on average.” Provide mathematical support for this statement.arrow_forwardYour friend tells you about an article that he read in a tabloid that reported the discovery of a new form of carbon containing eight protons in the nucleus of its atoms. He claims that scientists are eager to explore the properties of this new form of carbon. What is wrong with the tabloid's claim? a. Nothing. The claim is believable. b. The claim must be false because an atom with eight protons would be oxygen, which is already known. c. The claim must be false because all forms of carbon are already known.arrow_forwardWhat evidence led to the conclusion that cathode rays had a negative charge?arrow_forward
- How would you expect the chemical properties of isotopes of the same element to compare to each other? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid. C6H5NO2) can be isolated from a variety of natural sources such as liver, yeast, milk, and whole grain. It also can be synthesized from commercially available materials. From a nutritional point of view, which source of nicotinic acid is best for use in a multivitamin tablet? Why?arrow_forwardAn isolated atom has a net charge of ________ .arrow_forward
- One of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further experimentation than it originally answered. How does this apply to Dalton’s atomic theory? Give examples.arrow_forwardExplain the operation of a cathode-ray tube. Describe the deflection of cathode rays by electrically charged plates placed within the cathode-ray tube. What does this imply about cathode rays?arrow_forwardThe Rutherford experiment was performed and its conclusions reached before protons and neutrons were discovered. When they were found, why was it believed that they were in the nucleus of the atom?arrow_forward
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