All of the following cash flows should be identifiedas benefits, except:a. longer tire life because of smooth pavementb. $200,000 annual income to local businessesbecause of tourism created by a water reservoirc. expenditure of $20 million for construction of a highwayd. fewer highway accidents because of improved lighting.
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All of the following cash flows should be identified
as benefits, except:
a. longer tire life because of smooth pavement
b. $200,000 annual income to local businesses
because of tourism created by a water reservoir
c. expenditure of $20 million for construction of a highway
d. fewer highway accidents because of improved lighting.
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- All of the following cash flows should be identified as fenefits, except: O expenditure of $20 million for construction of a highway O fewer highway accidents because of improved lighting O $200,000 annual income to local businesses because of tourism created by a water reservoir O longer tire life because of smooth pavementStar City is considering an investment in the community center that is expected to return the following cash flows: Use Exhibit A.8. Year Net Cash Flow 1234in 5 $ 28,000 58,000 88,000 88,000 108,000 This schedule includes all cash inflows from the project, which will also require an immediate $208,000 cash outlay. The city is tax-exempt; therefore, taxes need not be considered. Required: a. What is the net present value of the project if the appropriate discount rate is 22 percent? (Round PV factor to 3 decimal places. Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign.) Net present valueThere are five alternatives for improvement of a road. Determine which alternative should be chosen if the highway department is willing to invest money as long as there is a B/C ratio of at least 1.00. Alternatives Annual Benefits, ₱ Annual Cost, ₱ 1 950, 000 1, 050, 000 2 1, 400, 000 1, 500, 000 3 2, 850, 000 2, 150, 000 4 3, 400, 000 2, 800, 000 5 4, 250, 000 3, 450, 000
- 1. The local chief executive (LCE) of Pagadian City is considering to build, operate and transfer (BOT) a Public Transportation System as an income generating enterprise for the city, through private sector initiatives. Two proposals have been submitted. The cash flows are shown below. Perform the appropriate techniques of engineering economics using any appropriate measure of economic worth. As a Civil Engineer, make a recommendation to the LCE, based solely on economic considerations. Assume MARR of 10% per year. Copy your Excel spreadsheet in your Answer Sheet. Cash flow/Proposals Initial Cost, P (in million) Maintenance and operating cost, P/year 40-Bus Fleet 50-Bus Fleet 87 95 P 4.75 million increasing 450,000 per year P 3.85 increasing 5% per year Income, P/year P 12.5 million increasing 15% 12.75 million increasing 15% per year per year Life, years 7 10A highway is to be built connecting Maud and Bowlegs. Route A follows the old road and costs $4 million initially and $210,000/year thereafter. A new route, B, will cost $6 million initially and $180,000/year thereafter. Route C is an enhanced version of Route B with wider lanes, shoulders, and so on. Route C will cost $9 million at first, plus $260,000 per year to maintain. Benefits to the users, considering time, operation, and safety, are $500,000 per year for A, $850,000 per year for B, and $1,000,000 per year for C. Using a 7% interest rate, a 15-year study period, and a salvage value of 50% of first cost, determine which road should be constructed.Topic: Gradients General Direction: Solve using Given-Required-Solution format. DO NOT USE EXCEL. Provide a Cash Flow Diagram (CFD). Use the formula given. Three local government units in Metro Manila have agreed to pool their resources from taxes for the construction of a major road connecting their areas. It is estimated that an amount of P500,000 is to be deposited at the end of the year into a shared account for the first phase of theproject which will last 9 years after the initial deposit has been made. The deposit will increase by P100,000 per year after the initial deposit up until the lifetime of the project. Assume 5% annual interest rate. Determine:(a) Total present worth of the deposits(b) Construct the equivalent cash flow diagram
- The following cash flows are identified as either a benefit, disbenefit, or cost. Identify which ones are disbenefit. * O Loss of income to local businesses because of a new freeway $400,000 annual income to local businesses because of tourism created by a national park Revenue to local motels because of an extended weekend holiday Decrease in property values due to the closure of a government research lab School overcrowding because of a military base expansion Other:The City of Vancouver has appointed you as an Assistant Project Manager to oversee the aspect of some upcoming projects. The Project Manager is requesting you to conduct a discounted cash flow calculation to determine the NPV of one of the projects which is part of the municipality’s cultural tourism initiatives. The project is expected to generate a net cash flow of $100,000.00, $200,000.00, $300,000.00, $350,000.00 and $450,000,00 in the next five years. The project will cost $1,500,000.00 to implement and the required rate of return is 25 percent. Calculate the Net Present Value of the project to enable the Project Management to communicate the viability or otherwise to the Municipality’s Project Council.As part of a community initiative, funding is being sought from potential contributors to sustain a public park's maintenance costs. You are considering donating to cover all future expected maintenance expenses for the park. The projected maintenance costs are $48,000 per year for the first five years, $60,000 per year from years 6 to 10, and $72,000 annually thereafter, assuming the park has an indefinite service life. If the funds are placed in an account with a 15% annual interest rate, what should be the size of your donation?
- GoG is considering two alternative proposals to improve road safety and reduce traffic congestion in city “A”: (a) constructing a new bypass or (b) upgrading existing roadways. The Bypass Proposal will have an initial cost of GHC60 million and annual maintenance costs of GHC2.25 million. It is expected to yield benefits of GHC9.75 million per year. The Upgrading Proposal has an initial cost of GHC7 million, annual maintenance costs of GHC262,500 and annual social benefits of GHC1.14 million. Each project has a life of 30 years. The Bypass Proposal, which would have donor funding component, involves a discount rate of 8% while the Upgrading Proposal, to be funded wholly by government, has a discount rate of 4%. i. Calculatethenetpresentvalueofeachproposalanddetermineifit is economically viable ii. Which of the two proposals is more economically justifiable.Ironwood Charities is considering an investment in one of their buildings that is expected to return the following cash flows: Use Exhibit A.8. Year 1 4Nm & in 2 3 4 5 Net Cash Flow $ 15,000 27,000 43,000 58,000 48,000 This schedule includes all cash inflows from the project, which will also require an immediate $152,000 cash outlay. The organization is tax-exempt; therefore, taxes need not be considered. Required: a. What is the net present value of the project if the appropriate discount rate is 8 percent? b. What is the net present value of the project if the appropriate discount rate is 4 percent? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B What is the net present value of the project if the appropriate discount rate is 8 percent? Note: Round PV factor to 3 decimal places. Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Net present valueProblem. Assume the following cash flow for 2 projects. Assuming that the cash flows are occurring at the end of the year. Find the payback period for both these projects. Year Project 1 Project 2 -1000 600 400 -1000 100 400 1 2 and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is stricty prohibitec 3 200 200 600 4 600 5 100 700 Solution: