all that a consumer with utility Marshallian demand u(7₁, 7₂) = min{7₁, 27₂} 2w W x(p, w) = (2p₁ + p2² 2p₁ + P2) Find the indirect money-metric utility function for reference prices p. Solution: Substituting the Marshallian demand into the utility function gives 2w 2w v(p, w) = min 2w
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- Kevin's reference dependent utility over money is y and effort is E, refer to the: instantaneous utility function: rt: reference point for wealth, which demonstrated his recent wealth Kevin does not have from money but from gains and losses of money instead. There is no discounting, and assume that Kevin's current wealth from his job is 0. Kevin is thinking about a new role at work which allows him to increase his income by $1000 per period for two periods, counting from the current period, which is t = 0. He must undergo a training which require an effort of EO = 3500 at that value of alpha, how much ultility would Kevin lose relative to his non-projection-biased preferences if she took the position 1000 250 500 750Josh is playing blackjack for real money. He has reference-dependent preferences over money: if his earnings are m and his reference point is r, then his utility is v(m − r), where the value function v satisfies v(x) = ln(x + 1) for x ≥ 0, and v(x) = −2 ln(−x + 1) for x ≤ 0. assume that Josh’s reference point is 0 Euro (that is, no wins or losses) and for the given situation, answer the following questions: (i) What is the g for which Josh would be indifferent between taking a fifty-fifty win g Euro or lose 5 Euro gamble? (ii) Does this reflect risk loving or risk averse behavior? (iii) What feature of Josh’s reference-dependent preferences is driving this choice?In the case where money demand is completely interest insensitive (interest elasticity equals zero), an increase in the quantity of money will a. leave both income and the interest rate unchanged. b. lower the interest rate but leave income unchanged. c. increase income and lower the interest rate. d. increase income but leave the interest rate unchanged.
- Consider an economy in which there is one consumer born at the start of each time period. Each consumer lives for two periods and receives an endowment of 1 unit of the consumption good when young. At the start of the economy there is a consumer who is already old. This consumer owns one unit of money but has no endowment of the consumption good. Money has no intrinsic value. a. Can money be valuable in a finite economy (one that has a known end point)? b. Can money be valuable in an infinite economy? c. Can money allow exigency to be attained?According to the basic discounting principle, individuals value current consumption (i.e. consumption now) more than future consumption (i.e. consumption tomorrow). A) True B) FalseConsider an overlapping generations model with the following characteristics: each generation is composed of 1,000 individuals. The fiat money supply changes according to Mt=2Mt-1. The initial old own a total of 10,000 units of fiat money. (M0=£10,000). Each period, the newly printed money is given to the old of that period as a lump-sum transfer (subsidy). Each person is endowed with 20 units of the consumption good when born and nothing when old. Preferences are such that individuals wish to save 10 units in fiat money when young at the equilibrium rate of return. a. What is the gross real rate of return on fiat money in this economy? b. How many goods does an individual receive as a subsidy? c. What is the price of the consumption good in period 1, in GBP?
- Consider the following demand-and-supply model for money:Money demand: Md = β0 + β1Yt + β2Rt + β3Pt + u1tMoney supply: Ms= α0 + α1Yt + u2t Assume that R and P are exogenous and M and Y are endogenous. a. Is the demand function identified?b. Is the supply function identified?Consider the following model of the economy Production function: Y = AKN – N2/2Marginal product of labor: MPN = AK – N. Where the initial values of A = 8 and K = 10. The initial labor supply curve is given as: NS = 20 + 9w. Cd = 401 + .50(Y-T) – 500rId = 800 – 500rG = 500T= 100 Md/P = 469 + 0.5Y- 1000r Nominal Money supply M = 4000 We assume that expectedinflation is zero (?e?= 0) so that money demand depends directly onthe real interest rate (since i = r). 1 a) Solve for the labor market clearing real wage (w*), theprofit maximizing level of labor input (N*), and the full employment level ofoutput (Y*). Please show your work. Draw two diagrams verticallywith the labor market on the bottom graph and the production function on thetop graph. Be sure to label everything including this initial equilibrium pointas point A b) Derive an expression for the IS curve (r in terms of Y). Please show all work c) Find the real interest rate that clears the goods market. Please show all work…Assume the supply of money is fixed by the authorities.(i) Draw the money market diagram under this assumption
- Similar to how the quantity demanded for a good depends on its price, the quantity of money demanded depends on the cost of holding money, or the nominal interest rate (i). In addition to this, the demand for real money balances is also a function of income (Y). Using all of this information, suppose the demand for real money balances takes on the following functional form: (M/P)dd=500 + 2Y – 9i The Fisher equation relates the nominal interest rate to the real interest rate (r) and the expected rate of inflation (Eπ) when examining ex-ante (based on forecasts or 'before the event') effects. The equation ( (M/P)dd = 500 + 2Y – 9(Eπ – r)/(M/P)dd = 500 + 2Y – 9(r – Eπ) / (M/P)dd = 500 + 2Y + 9(r + Eπ) / (M/P)dd = 500 + 2Y – 9(r + Eπ) ) is equivalent to the function given for the demand for real money balances. Suppose the central bank announces that it will increase the money supply in the future, but it does not change the money supply today. Complete the following…Question 2 Consider an overlapping generations model with the following characteristics: individuals are endowed with y units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. The fiat money supply changes according to Mt =zMt-1 and the population grows at rate n for every period t, according to Nt =nNt-1 where z and n are greater than i. The money created in each period is used to finance a lump-sum subsidy of at+1 goods to each old person in period t+1. Prove that the monetary equilibrium (c1*,c2*) does not maximise the utility of future generations. ii. Under what condition of monetary expansion would this economy achieve the optimal allocation of resources? Explain your answer.Question 2 Consider an overlapping generations model with the following characteristics: individuals are endowed with y units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. The fiat money supply changes according to Mt =zMt-1 and the population grows at rate n for every period t, according to Nt =nNt-1 where z and n are greater than i. The money created in each period is used to finance a lump-sum subsidy of at+1 goods to each old person in period t+1. Prove that the monetary equilibrium (?∗, ?∗) does not maximise the utility of future generations. ii. Under what condition of monetary expansion would this economy achieve the optimal allocation of resources? Explain your answer.