Although we lumped all lymphocytes together (normal and unusually large ones), what is the correct name for the large (activated) B-lymphocytes that are producing antibodies?

Q: Explain the term antibodies?

A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that the body's immune system helps fight infections. There are…

Q: What is the difference between a primary antibody and a secondary antibody?

A: An immunoglobulin or antibody can be defined as the glycoproteins sythesized by immune system is…

Q: What are the structural and functional differences between a B cell and a plasma cell?

A: Lymphocytes or the white blood cells are a part of teh immune system. They are of to types namely, B…

Q: What are ABO blood-group antigens?

A: A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and…

Q: What is Immunoglobulin (Ig)

A: Protein is an important body-building macromolecule. There are four structural levels of proteins…

Q: Define polyclonal antibodies.

A: Antibodies are Y shaped soluble glycoproteins that are produced in response to the antigens by…

Q: What is the function of the variable regions in an antibody molecule?

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: Which is typical of antibody–antigen reactions?

A: Antigen and antibodies are a part of the immune system that provides immunity to an organism.…

Q: What molecule ensures that T-lymphocytes which encounter their antigen in the lymph node stay there…

A: T cell is a type of lymphocyte.T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune…

Q: What is the difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

A: Introduction Immunity: it is the property/capability of our system to fight against the harmful…

Q: Which antibody class is the first produced during a primary response?

A: Answer: Introduction: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin, a protein formed by the immune…

Q: What are the protective outcomes of antibodies binding to antigen?

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)?

A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…

Q: What is meant by 'B lymphocytes are sensitive to clonal deletion'?

A: Immunity

Q: What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

A: The immune system of the body plays an important role in the protection of our body from the various…

Q: What is an antigen-presenting cell? By which mechanism do the “present” antigens?

A: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are essential for the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immune…

Q: What sorts of pathogens could successfully attack a patient who is unable to produce T lymphocytes?

A: White blood cell protects body from pathogen. Specifically lymphocyte doing this job. Lymphocytes…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: Why are the axillary lymph nodes often biopsied in cases of suspected breast cancer?

A: Cancer is a genetic disease. It is not a single disease rather, it is two or more hundreds of…

Q: How does a naive lymphocyte differ from an activated one?

A: White blood cells are lymphocytes and are also one of the major forms of immune cells within the…

Q: Are individuals born and raised in a rural developing country more likely to have a more effective…

A: The immune response produced by TH1 cells towards intracellular parasites such as bacteria and…

Q: Define antigenic shift

A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist the attack of harmful…

Q: What clinical symptoms can an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 lead to?

A: Introduction: There are three primary pathways in the complement cascade, each of which is activated…

Q: If your tonsils are removed, how does your body develop animmune response against antigens in the…

A: Tonsils Tonsils consist of ovoid lymphoid tissue with fibrous capsule and are the part of waldeyer's…

Q: What are the different types of antibodies and give two characteristics for each?

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobins. These are large Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma…

Q: Why is that antigen-antibody complexes are visible in aggregated clumps, and yet red blood cells are…

A: Agglutination is characterized as the development of clumps of cells or inactive particles by…

Q: Which white blood cells authorizes the production of antibodies?

A: White blood cells are used as a defense cell by our body.  Types of wbc are neutrophils.…

Q: What distinguishes neutrophils from dendritic cells? How do basophils differ from mast cells?

A: The immune system is spread throughout the body and involves many types of cells, organs, proteins,…

Q: What Are The Forces That Are Responsible For Antigen-antibody Reactions?

A: The antigen-antibody reaction is employed in laboratory settings for diagnosis of blood grouping…

Q: What is the major abnormality in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

A: Introduction  The human body is consisting of around 37 trillion cells in total however a large…

Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.

A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…

Q: Which antibody(antibodies) is(are) present?

A: Answer 1. Lewis  antibody :-  Lewis antibodies are naturally occurring antibodies ,almost always IGM…

Q: How does the body produce so many highly diverse antibodies to respond to essentially any possible…

A: Antibodies (Ab) or Immunoglobulins (Ig) are large diversities of ‘Y’ shaped glycoprotein molecules.…

Q: What are five different ways that antibodies help our bodies fight diseases?

A: Immunoglobulins (Ig) are also referred to as antibodies, which are responsible to fight diseases or…

Q: Define the term: antibody

A: The defense system in our body is known as the immune system, it helps our body to fight against the…

Q: Name the type of cells that produce antibodies?

A: The antibody is also called immunoglobulin that is a protective protein produced by the immune…

Q: For each pair of terms, explain the relationship between the meanings of the terms. 3. pathogen and…

A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and…

Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors, and how are they constructed?

A: Receptors are the cell surface or intracellular molecules to which a ligand binds.

Q: What are three different ways antibodies protect against infectious agents?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are large, Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune…

Q: What is the importance of the complement system in immunity?

A: The importance of the complement system in immunity.

Q: If you are transfusing blood to a hypothetical patient, is it more important that the transfused…

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: What is monoclonal antibodies? How it can be categorized

A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…

Q: What is the term for a cluster of connected antigens, complement molecules, and antibodies in…

A: