How does the body produce so many highly diverse antibodies to respond to essentially any possible antigen?

Q: Describe the five major classes of antibodies, and explain their structure and functions?

A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are large, Y-shaped protein molecules used by immune system for…

Q: what are the functions of antigen presentation?

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which protein antigen is is presented to lymphocytes in the…

Q: What are the mechanisms used by B cells to generate antibody diversity?

A: Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigenic stimulation. They mai either…

Q: If a given B cell produces only one type of antibody, how do organisms produce a great diversity of…

A: The capability of the body to induce immune response is called immunity. The foreign particle that…

Q: What is the difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

A: Introduction Immunity: it is the property/capability of our system to fight against the harmful…

Q: Which lymphocyte has a role in both cell-mediated andhumoral immunity?

A: The body's important transport medium is blood. Leukocytes (white blood cells) are accountable for…

Q: What are the protective outcomes of antibodies binding to antigen?

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: how does the body differentiate between self and non-self antigens?

A: Immune systems protects a person from foreign antigens or dangerous invaders such as microbes,…

Q: Are there other examples besides immune secretions in which a single substance may act as both an…

A: Immune cells secrete the secretions that protect body from immunity. In body three types of glands…

Q: Would a denatured antigen be expected to have the same epitopes as its native (undenatured)…

A: An epitope is a small part in antigen. This portion of antigen is recognized by antibody. They may…

Q: Why do individuals produce an immune response the first time they encounter the A or B antigen as an…

A: The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that attack our system and they are known…

Q: How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?

A: B cells also known as B lymphocytes are type of white blood cells and functions in humoral immunity…

Q: What is meant by the “window” regarding antibody presence in the blood?

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Pathogen attack…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: If an antigen mutates, will the same lymphocytes recognize it?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  IMMUNE SYSTEM  it defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: Where does the antigen binding region of a BCR and an antibody molecule occur?

A: The B cell receptor (BCR) is a protein on the surface of the B cell composed of membrane bound…

Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised

A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…

Q: Why is the secondary response to an antigen so much faster than the primary response?

A: The secondary immunologic response is that the reaction of the immune system once it contacts a…

Q: What are the different types of antibodies and give two characteristics for each?

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobins. These are large Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma…

Q: Which white blood cells authorizes the production of antibodies?

A: White blood cells are used as a defense cell by our body.  Types of wbc are neutrophils.…

Q: What Are The Forces That Are Responsible For Antigen-antibody Reactions?

A: The antigen-antibody reaction is employed in laboratory settings for diagnosis of blood grouping…

Q: How do antibodies work toneutralize antigens?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: give an example of an endogenous and exogenous antigen?

A: Exogenous vs. Endogenous antigen:This refers to Where the microbial ANTIGENS are made... inside or…

Q: List the effects of antibodies binding to antigens

A: Antigen-antibody communication, or antigen-antibody response, is an interaction between chemicals…

Q: An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor?

A:

Q: What major class of immune cells mediates an innate immuneresponse?

A: The innate immune response is the primary mechanism for have protection found in every multicellular…

Q: Antigens include proteins, polysaccharides, and various small molecules that stimulate antibody…

A: Antigens are the substances or immunoglobulin which create response towards an allergen present on…

Q: What are the differences in the types of antigens recognized by antibodies and T cell receptors?

A: Antigens are foreign molecules that aid in the trigger of specific immune responses. They activate…

Q: What are five different ways that antibodies help our bodies fight diseases?

A: Immunoglobulins (Ig) are also referred to as antibodies, which are responsible to fight diseases or…

Q: Distinguish susceptibility from resistance, and innate from acquired immunity. Why are these…

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: What is opsonization? What is the role of antibodies in this process?

A: When the immune system recognizes foreign antigen enters in the body, complement activation occurs.…

Q: How can the anamnestic response be explained in immunologic terms?

A: The immune system of the human body is divided into innate immunity and the adaptive immunity.…

Q: Which portion of the antibody molecule has specificity against an antigen?

A: The immune system is responsible for eliciting a response in order to build a defense mechanism…

Q: What do the antibodies in blood do?

A: Proteins are a type of macromolecule that has a different variety of functions for the cell. These…

Q: Define antigen presentation.

A: A molecule or chemical structure that can attach to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor is…

Q: Why is antigen-presentation important in fighting infection?

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which protein antigen is ingested by an antigen-presenting…

Q: What is the importance of the complement system in immunity?

A: The importance of the complement system in immunity.

Q: Why does the body have both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses?

A: The immune system of the body has two components that include innate immunity and adaptive immunity.…

Q: If you are transfusing blood to a hypothetical patient, is it more important that the transfused…

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: What is monoclonal antibodies? How it can be categorized

A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…

Q: What is the term for a cluster of connected antigens, complement molecules, and antibodies in…

A:

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.