An example is flower color in Mendel's experiments Always controlled by many genes and can be influenced by environmental conditions Can involve a gene with multiple alleles Phenotypes are discrete and can be classified into one to a few categories An example is height in humans Often controlled by one or a few genes Phenotypes have a wide range of values Continuous Traits Discontinuous Traits

An example is flower color in Mendel's experiments Always controlled by many genes and can be influenced by environmental conditions Can involve a gene with multiple alleles Phenotypes are discrete and can be classified into one to a few categories An example is height in humans Often controlled by one or a few genes Phenotypes have a wide range of values Continuous Traits Discontinuous Traits

Name: The statement can be used more than once An example is flower color in
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Description: The statement can be used more than once An example is flower color inMendel's experimentsAlways controlled by manygenes and can be influenced byenvironmental conditionsCan involve a gene with multipleallelesPhenotypes are discrete and canbe classifi

Essentials Of Human Development

1st Edition

ISBN:9781285647357

Author:Kail

Publisher:Kail

Chapter3: Tools For Exploring The World: Physical, Perceptual, And Motor Development

Section3.2: Physical Development

Problem 8TY

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A sex-influenced trait is dominant in males of a certain speciesof animal and causes bushy tails. The same trait is recessive infemales. Fur color is not sex-influenced.Yellow fur is dominantto white fur. A true-breeding female with a bushy tail and yellowfur was crossed to a white male without a bushy tail (i.e., a normaltail). The F1 females were then crossed to white males withoutbushy tails. The following results were obtained: A. Conduct a chi square test to determine if these two genes arelinked.B. If the genes are linked, calculate the map distance betweenthem. Explain which data you used in your calculation.
What are alleles? A) alternative forms of a genes for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyesB)the location of genes on a chromosomeC) genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color D)dominant form of a kind of characteristic carried by genesE) recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes
The part that is missing is where the traits for things like colorblindness and hemophilia exist. This meansthat if you have XY chromosomes, you are missing alleles on one of the chromosomes. So whatever alleleis on your X is expressed regardless of if being dominant or recessive. These X-Linked Traits have a specialway to note the alleles.X-Linked alleles use X and Y as their base and then the allele that notates the trait is in the top, rightcorner. For instance: Phenotype(appearance) Genotype(alleles) XY with Hemophilia XhY XX withouth Hemophilia XHXh Notice that the female has two X’s so has 2 alleles. She is not a hemophiliac, but is carrying the trait.That means she can pass the trait to her offspring.Why don’t you cross those two parents here and find the outcome:Parents: Offspring: Genotypes:Phenotypes: Is there a chance of producing an XY offspring with hemophilia? Explain your answer Will…
Genotype refers to the letters used as symbols for the genes. Phenotype refers to the appearance.Let’s practice assigning letters for the tall and short phenotype. Remember, we usually use the letter of the dominant (trait).
Human geneticists have found the Finnish populationto be very useful for studies of a variety of conditions.The population is small; Finns have extensive churchrecords documenting lineages; and few people havemigrated into Finland. The frequency of some recessive disorders is higher in the Finnish population thanelsewhere in the world, and diseases such as PKU andcystic fibrosis that are common elsewhere do not occur in the Finnish population.a. How would a population geneticist explain thesevariations in disease occurrence?b. The Finnish population is also a source ofinformation for the study of quantitative traits. Thegenetic basis of schizophrenia is one question that canbe explored in this population. What advantage(s) anddisadvantage(s) can you imagine for studying complex traits based on the Finnish population structure?
After the rediscovery of Mendel’s principles of inheritance in the earlytwentieth century, eugenics became popular in many countries,including the United States. The eugenic movement proposed toimprove the human species through the application of genetics. Anumber of eugenic laws were passed, prohibiting the marriage ofpeople with certain conditions and allowing for the involuntarysterilization of others. Eventually this practice fell into disfavorbecause of ethical concerns and because many of the laws were basedon bad science. Some people think that the increasing use of moderngenetic techniques to test for genetic diseases and traits and tomanipulate reproductive outcomes representsthe resurgence of eugenics. What are some ethical concerns associatedwith encouraging the birth of people with desirable traits anddiscouraging the birth of those with undesirable traits?
Single gene Mendelian inheritance patterns: if you are told the phenotype of the parents and whether the trait is dominant or recessive etc, be able to predict the genotype of the children. If you are told the phenotype of the parent as well as the inheritance pattern, be able to predict the parent’s genotype. Be able to set up and use a Punnett square to solve problems and make predictions. Be able to explain the major steps in how information from our genes is used to make proteins. Or to show it in a labeled diagram. Be able to explain whatis transcription, translation. Where in the cell do these processes occur? In what order? What type of molecules are being made [DNA, RNA, protein]? What are their building blocks? What is a mutation? How can a mutation in DNA cause a change in a protein? (use the following terms to answer: codon, transcription, translation, mRNA). What is gene expression? Why is regulation of gene expression important for normal…
Ancient societies used knowledge that traits are heritable in domesticating animals and developing agricultural crops. What might account for the failure to recognize that the same processes operate in humans?
For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype (i.e., the allelesfound on chromosomes in the cell nucleus) directly influences anoffspring’s traits. In contrast, for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the offspring’s phenotype cannot be reliably predicted solelyfrom its genotype. For the following traits, what do you need toknow to predict the phenotypic outcome?A. Dwarfism due to a mutant Igf2 alleleB. Snail coiling directionC. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
. Consider the genotypes of two lines of chickens: thepure-line mottled Honduran is i/i ; D/D ; M/M ; W/W, andthe pure-line leghorn is I/I ; d/d ; m/m ; w/w, whereI = white feathers, i = colored feathersD = duplex comb, d = simplex combM = bearded, m = beardlessW = white skin, w = yellow skinThese four genes assort independently. Starting withthese two pure lines, what is the fastest and mostconvenient way of generating a pure line that has coloredfeathers, has a simplex comb, is beardless, and has yellowskin? Make sure that you showa. the breeding pedigree.b. the genotype of each animal represented.c. how many eggs to hatch in each cross, and why thisnumber.d. why your scheme is the fastest and the mostconvenient
. Autism is a neurological disorder thought to becaused by mutant alleles of one or more genes.Scientists had been wondering why the number ofchildren diagnosed as autistic increased dramaticallyin a decade, from 1 in 500 in 2002 to 1 in 88 in 2012.Researchers now think that they might have found atleast part of the answer: Men are fathering children atlater and later ages. A paper published in the journalNature in 2012 showed a correlation between paternalage and the incidence of autism; the age of the motherwas not a factor. How does this observation provide apossible explanation for the apparent increase in therate of autism?
In Ayrshire cattle, the spotting of the coat can be either red andwhite or mahogany and white. The mahogany-and-white phenotypeis caused by the allele SM (where the letter S indicates spotting, andthe superscript M stands for mahogany). The red-and-white phenotypeis controlled by the allele SR (where the superscript R standsfor red). The table below shows the relationships between genotypeand phenotype for males and females: Explain the pattern of inheritance.