Answer: In the long run, [ Select ] ; growth rate of capital per worker [Select ] [ Select] ; growth rate of output per worker [ Select ] N [ Select ] [ Select ]
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- What is the effect of an increase in total factor productivity on steady state population and consumption per worker in the Malthusian model?Consider the simple innovation model studied in class. In this model, the society allocates a fraction "gamma" of workforce to innovation and the remaining fraction to production. Suppose that, for simplicity, total workforce is normalized to unity: L = 1. If the productivity growth rate is defined by d A t/dt = "theta"* "gamma" * A_t and real GDP per worker by yt = At* (1 - "gamma"), what is the long-run growth rate of y_t?Consider the basic Solow model with no population growth and no technological progress and a production function of the form F (K, H ), where H denotes the efficiency units of labor (human capital) given by where N is the set of all individuals in the population, and hi is the human capital of individual i. Assume that H is fixed. Suppose there are no human capital externalities and factor markets are competitive. (a) Calculate the steady-state equilibrium of this economy. (b) Prove that if 10% higher h at the individual level is associated with a% higher earnings, then a 10% increase in the country’s stock of human capital H will lead to a% increase in steadystate output. Compare this result to the immediate impact of an unanticipated 10% increase in H (i.e., consider the impact of a 10% increase in H with the stock of capital unchanged).
- Consider now the two-period model in general equilibrium, so that prices, investment and labour supply are endogenous, i.e. the production economy. Analyse and carefully explain graphically and in words the general equilibrium effects of a decrease in TFP(total factor production) for a benchmark economy with no frictions.in country A individuals are identical, each with one unit of labour to supply. The country produces only one commodity, food, according to the production function Y = zF(L , N), where L denotes land, N denotes labour, and z denotes TFP (Total Factor Productivity). This is a closed economy without any government, net export or savings, following the standard set-up of a Malthus model (similar to what we studied in Chapter 7). [a] Derive the per-worker production function and population evolution equation for this economy.Consider an economy that has access to a production technology Y = AKαL1−α where Y is output, A is the level of technology, K is capital and L is the amount of labor in the economy. Capital evolves according to K˙ = sY (thus, the depreciation rate δ = 0). The x˙ population growth rate is n. (Throughout, gx = x , where x can be any of the variables in the model.) (a) Assume that technology is determined by A = BKφ What sort of endogenous growth model is this? Find K/K in terms of the K, L, and other parameters of the model.
- Consider now the two-period model in general equilibrium, so that prices, investment, and labor supply are endogenous, i.e. the production economy. Analyze and carefully explain graphically and in words the general equilibrium effects of a decrease in TFP for a benchmark economy with no frictions.Using the one-period closed economy model, show graphically the effects of a decrease in government spending on consumption, leisure, real wage rate, output, labour demand, labour supply.In the Galore model, if productivity (A) were to suddenly increase then both income (y) and population (L) would rise in the long-run. True False
- Q3. The Lewis-Fei-Ranis model of economic development with unlimited suppliesof labour is a neoclassical model that was used to explain the development processin the LDCs. Discuss its limitations and how relevant it is in explaining their dualstructures.Consider again the canonical OLG model with log preferences and a Cobb-Douglas production function, but assume that individuals now work in both periods of their lives. (a) Define a competitive equilibrium and the steady-state equilibrium. (b) Characterize the steady-state equilibrium and the transitional dynamics in this economy. (c) Can this economy generate overaccumulation?Suppose that all social programs simultaneously become more generous. In particular, suppose that there is an increase in UI benefits, and also an increase in welfare benefits, which are represented in the two-sided search model as payments to everyone who is not in the labor force. What will be the effects on the unemployment rate, the vacancy rate, the labour force, the number of active firms, the aggregate output, and the labour market tightness? Draw the two-sided search model diagrams and explain the results and economics intuitions. Imagine you need to explain the mechanisms to your friends who do not seem to have learned the two-sided search model, so you may need to start with introducing key economic concepts very clearly. (Hints: for simplicity, assume the case when there is a uniform payment p to each person not in the labour force, and an increase by p in the employment insurance benefit.)