answer questions 1. What structure will characterize the intermediate in this reaction mechanism, after the leaving group is removed? a. Change in conformation b. Carbocation formation c. Oxonium formation d. Rearranged orbitals
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Observe the REACTION in the diagram below to answer questions
1. What structure will characterize the intermediate in this reaction mechanism,
after the leaving group is removed?
a. Change in conformation
b. Carbocation formation
c. Oxonium formation
d. Rearranged orbitals
2. What type of reaction is illustrated in the reaction mechanism?
a. SN1 reaction mechanism
b. SN2 reaction mechanism
c. E1 reaction mechanism
d. E2 reaction mechanism
3. What is the major product in the reaction mechanism?
a. But-1-ene
b. Buta-1,3-diene
c. Butane
d. But-2-ene
4. This reaction mechanism is the proposed explanation for the preparation of
_________ of the organic molecule and is known as a __________ reaction.
a. Oxidation: rearrangement
b. Reduction: dehydration
c. Oxidation: hydration
d. Substitution: dehydration
5. What is the main functional group of the organic molecule?
a. Carbonyl functional group
b.
c. Hydroxyl functional group
d. Carboxyl functional group
6. The regiospecificity of the reaction is based on what principle?
a. Zaitsev’s rule
b. Diel’s Alder reaction
c.
d. Markovnikov’s rule
7. What is the charge of hydrogen in the inorganic acid?
a. Positive
b. Partially positive
c. Negative
d. Partially negative
8. What is the type of hybridization of the oxygen carbon in the organic
molecule?
a. sp2
b. sp
c. sp1.5
d. sp3
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