Answer the following questions: • Write the precondition axioms for the actions. • Write the effect axioms for the actions. • Show how successor state axioms for the fluents would be derived from these effect axioms. Argue that the successor state axioms are not logically entailed by the effect axioms by briefly describing an interpretation where the effect axioms are satisfied but the successor state ones are not. • Show how frame axioms are logically entailed by the successor state axioms.
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- Computer Science There is an n × n grid of squares. Each square is either special, or has a positive integer costassigned to it. No square on the border of the grid is special.A set of squares S is said to be good if it does not contain any special squares and, starting fromany special square, you cannot reach a square on the border of the grid by performing up, down,left and right moves without entering a cell belonging to S. 5 3 4 9 4 X 3 6 1 9 X 4 1 2 3 5 - Design an algorithm which receives an arbitrary n × n grid, runs in time poly-nomial in n and determines a good set of squares with minimum total cost.Count consecutive summers def count_consecutive_summers(n): Like a majestic wild horse waiting for someone to come and tame it, positive integers can be broken down as sums of consecutive positive integers in various ways. For example, the integer 42 often used as placeholder in this kind of discussions can be broken down into such a sum in four different ways: (a) 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9, (b) 9 + 10 + 11 + 12, (c) 13 + 14 + 15 and (d) 42. As the last solution (d) shows, any positive integer can always be trivially expressed as a singleton sum that consists of that integer alone. Given a positive integer n, determine how many different ways it can be expressed as a sum of consecutive positive integers, and return that count. The count of how many different ways a positive integer n can be represented as a sum of consecutive integers is also called its politeness, and can be alternatively computed by counting how many odd divisors that number has. However, note that the linked…A self-avoiding walk in a lattice is a path from one point to another that does not visit the same point twice. Self-avoiding walks have applications in physics, chemistry, and mathematics. They can be used to model chainlike entities such as solvents and polymers. Write a Turtle program that displays a random path that starts from the center and ends ata point on the boundary, as shown in Figure 11.11a, or ends at a dead-end point (i.e., surrounded by four points that have already been visited), as shown in Figure 11.11b. Assume the size of the lattice is 16 * 16.
- Count consecutive summers def count_consecutive_summers(n): Like a majestic wild horse waiting for the rugged hero to tame it, positive integers can be broken down as sums of consecutive positive integers in various ways. For example, the integer 42 often used as placeholder in this kind of discussions can be broken down into such a sum in four different ways: (a) 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9, (b) 9 + 10 + 11 + 12, (c) 13 + 14 + 15 and (d) 42. As the last solution (d) shows, any positive integer can always be trivially expressed as a singleton sum that consists of that integer alone. Given a positive integer n, determine how many different ways it can be expressed as a sum of consecutive positive integers, and return that count. The number of ways that a positive integer n can be represented as a sum of consecutive integers is called its politeness, and can also be computed by tallying up the number of odd divisors of that number. However, note that the linked Wikipedia de0inition…Please help me Josephus Problem is a theoretical problem related to a certain counting-out game. On thiscase, people are standing in a circle waiting to be executed. After a specified number ofpeople are skipped, the next person is executed. The procedure is repeated with theremaining people, starting with the next person, going in the same direction and skippingthe same number of people, until one person remains, and is freed.Arrange the numbers 1 , 2, 3 , ... consecutively (say, clockwise) in a circle. Now removenumber 2 and proceed clockwise by removing every other number, among those thatremain, until one number is left. (a) Let denote the final number which remains. Find formula for .(b) If there are 70 people, what is the safe number (the number that remains)?Artificial Intelligence (Part - 1) ==================== The Towers of Hanoi is a famous problem for studying recursion in computer science and searching in artificial intelligence. We start with N discs of varying sizes on a peg (stacked in order according to size), and two empty pegs. We are allowed to move a disc from one peg to another, but we are never allowed to move a larger disc on top of a smaller disc. The goal is to move all the discs to the rightmost peg (see figure). To solve the problem by using search methods, we need first formulate the problem. Supposing there are K pegs and N disk. (1) Propose a state representation for the problem?
- D1) Suppose that we have t = 5 treatments and we can only have blocks of size three. .(a) Find the smallest BIBD (fewest number of blocks). Give the values of r and λ .(b) If we could have blocks of size four, can we run a BIBD? Is there an advantage over the design in part (a)? .(c) Write out the layout of the design from part (b) showing how to arrange the treatments in blocks.Artificial Intelligence (Part - 2) ==================== The Towers of Hanoi is a famous problem for studying recursion incomputer science and searching in artificial intelligence. We start with N discs of varying sizes on a peg (stacked in order according to size), and two empty pegs. We are allowed to move a disc from one peg to another, but we are never allowed to move a larger disc on top of a smaller disc. The goal is to move all the discs to the rightmost peg (see figure). To solve the problem by using search methods, we need first formulate the problem. Supposing there are K pegs and N disk. (2) What is the size of the state space?Part 2: Binary Arithmetic One of the most common operations we perform on binary numbers (and all numbers) is addition. It can be cumbersome to convert your binary numbers to decimal just to add them and convert them back, so instead we will be learning how to add binary numbers directly. Binary addition works the same way as decimal addition, with the added restriction that each digit can only go up to 1. Let's consider the possibilities for adding the values of any 2 single digits together: 0 + 0 0 + 1 1 + 0 1 + 1 0 1 1 10 (remember that 10 in binary represents the number 2) In that last case, the result is larger than a single digit. When adding larger binary numbers, that means we have to carry the 1 over to the next column. This presents us with another new case: what happens if we have 1 + 1 + carried 1? In that case, the result is 11, which means that column's result is 1, and we carry 1 to the next column. Below is an example of adding two binary numbers that shows all…
- Consider the following scenario in which recursive binary search could be advantageous. What would you do if you found yourself in such a situation? What is the first requirement that a recursive binary search must satisfy?Write in C++ Alice is trying to monitor how much time she spends studying per week. She going through her logs, and wants to figure out which week she studied the least, her total time spent studying, and her average time spent studying per week. To help Alice work towards this goal, write three functions: min(), total(), and average(). All three functions take two parameters: an array of doubles and the number of elements in the array. Then, they make the following computations: min() - returns the minimum value in the array sum() - returns the sum of all the values in the array average() - returns the average of all the values in the array You may assume that the array will be non-empty. Function specifications: Function 1: Finding the minimum hours studied Name: min() Parameters (Your function should accept these parameters IN THIS ORDER): arr double: The input array containing Alice's study hours per week arr_size int: The number of elements stored in the array Return Value:…Python Please. An interesting puzzler for chess buffs is the Knight’s Tour problem, originally proposed by the mathematician Euler. Can the knight piece move around an empty chessboard and touch each of the 64 squares once and only once? We study this intriguing problem in depth here. The knight makes only L-shaped moves (two spaces in one direction and one space in a perpendicular direction). Thus, as shown in the figure below, from a square near the middle of an empty chessboard, the knight (labeled K) can make eight different moves (numbered 0 through 7). A: Draw an eight-by-eight chessboard on a sheet of paper, and attempt a Knight’s Tour by hand. Put a 1 in the starting square, a 2 in the second square, a 3 in the third, and so on. Before starting the tour, estimate how far you think you’ll get, remembering that a full tour consists of 64 moves. How far did you get? Was this close to your estimate? B: Now let’s develop a script that will move the knight around a chessboard…