Applying x-rays for diagnosis or therapy requires a good understanding of the effects the radiation causes in biological tissue. A lead apron that would stop 3⁄4 of the radiation would already provide passable protection. Find thickness of the apron, if lead mass attenuation coefficient for a radiation source with an energy of 140 keV is μm = 2.32 cm2/g. Density of lead ρ = 11.35 g/cm3

Q: If the radiation dosage is 31 mrem, find the energy absorbed by a 65-kg patient, assuming…

A: Dosage = 31 mrem 1 Rem = 0.01 J/kg Thus radiation dosage is = 31× 0.01 ×10-3 J/kg…

Q: An unknown radioactive sample is placed in the well of a small lead holder which sits in an external…

A: solution is given as

Q: During an X-ray examination, a person is exposed to radiation at a rate of 2.80×10-5 grays per…

A: Energy absorbed Eabs=Dtmt Here, Dt is the absorbed dose per second given in Gy/s.

Q: If the intensity of radiation from a radioactive sources is 3.6 units at a distance of 5.0 m, how…

A:

Q: Find thickness of the apron

A:

Q: What is the value of m for a particle that moves in a circle of radius 5 mm in a 0.5 T magnetic…

A:

Q: Emissions from a radioactive source pass through a hole in a lead screen and into a magnetic field,…

A: Given that: Where A, B , C are the placing of detectors. With radioactive source:…

Q: A single layer of shielding transmits 70% of the radiation from a dangerous source. How many layers…

A:

Q: Regarding linear energy transfer (LET), which of the following is true? * The LET is the energy…

A: Linear energy transfer (LET) is the energy transferred to the biologic material per unit distance…

Q: The count rate for a particular a source X is C0 on a detector placed 1 m from the source. When a…

A: Here a detector is placed 1 m from the source . The thickness of the metal is 5 mm is placed between…

Q: a) If a chest X-ray delivers 0.25 mSv to 5kg of tissue, how many total joules of energy does this…

A: NOTE- As per our company guidelines we are supposed to answer only first 3 sub-parts. Kindly…

Q: If the intensity of radiation from a radioactive sources is 7.9 units at a distance of 4.4 m, how…

A:

Q: Applying x-rays for diagnosis or therapy requires a good understanding of the effects the radiation…

A:

Q: What type of radiation is known to possess electromagnetic properties? a. transmutation b. gamma…

A:

Q: The amount of meat in prehistoric diets can be determined by measuring the ratio of the isotopes 15N…

A:

Q: The isotope of Nickel,  66Ni decays by β emission, has a half-life of 2.3 days. and the β particles…

A: We know  for radioactive decay dN(t)dt=λN(t)   where λ=ln2T1/2=0.693T1/2Initially the number per…

Q: After passing a bone tissue with thickness 15 mm, the intensity of X-ray radiation wasreduced by a…

A:

Q: Find required thickness of the protective lead shield in order to achieve 99 % reduction ofX-Ray…

A: Given: Reduction of X-ray intensity be 99 %  Let the Initial intensity be I0 and intensity after…

Q: Some satellites use nuclear power.…

A: The number of photons emitted per second is

Q: 41.4 A single layer of shielding transmits 70% of the radiation from a dangerous source. How many…

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three subparts for…

Q: For conventional radiography with a tungsten target, how much X-Ray beam intensity is due to…

A: Given: For conventional radiography with a tungsten target, how much X-Ray beam intensity is due to…

Q: A 2.00-T magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the path of charged particles in a bubble…

A: magnetic field, B =2 T  energy, K = 10 MeV

Q: During an X-ray examination, a person is exposed to radiation at a rate of 5.8 x 10-5 grays per…

A:

Q: 2. A charged particle enters the magnetic field of magnitude 0.35 T of a mass spectrometer at a…

A:

Q: 30) In a Townsend experiment, If the saturation current is measured as 100 micro-Amper between two…

A: Dimension of parallel plates = 100 cm × 100 cm Saturation current I = 100 μA Temperature T = 1150 K…

Q: If you were to use a collimator with a shielding factor of 20 for a RED (radiation exposure device)…

A: if we were to Use A Collimator With A Shielding Factor Of 20 For A RED (radiation Exposure Device)…

Q: A 200. - rad dose of radiation is administered to a patient in an effort to combat a cancerous…

A: Formula to calculate the amount of energy per unit mass is,

Q: Lead aprons are the primary radiation protective garments used by personnel during fluoroscopy. An…

A:

Q: Several people are exposed to 1 Gray of radiation. They are only protected by their clothes. The…

A: Alpha particles have low range and cannot penetrate skin as such. They are least damaging, until…

Q: Some satellites use nuclear power. (a) If such a satellite emits a 1.00-W flux of y rays having an…

A: Relation between number of photos emitted per second and power output-  P=NE Rewrite above equation…

Q: During X-ray diagnostics, lead aprons made of a thin layer of lead are used in order toprotect…

A: Given: The thickness of apron (x) = 0.5 mm Energy of radiation source = 140 keV Mass attenuation…

Q: The linear absorption coefficient of 1 MeV X-rays in water is 7.06 m-1. How many times will the…

A: As beam passes through a medium its attenuation is given by, I = I0 e-µxWhere: I = the intensity of…

Q: spectromet yields the following data for a beam of doubly ionized (+2) sodium atoms: (B = 0.08 T),(r…

A:

Q: The linear attenuation coefficient for 2.0-MeV gamma rays in water is 4.9 m-1 and 52 m-1 in lead.…

A:

Q: What are the minimum energies of the two oppositely directed gamma rays in a PET procedure?

A: In positron emission tomography, two oppositely directed gamma rays produces a positron and…

Q: After passing a bone tissue with thickness 3 cm, the intensity of X-ray radiation was reduced by a…

A: It is given that,

Q: A person with lymphoma recieves a dose of 35 gray in the form of gamma radiation during a course of…

A: Energy absorbed by the tissue can be obtained as

Q: (c) A scientist has compared the vitamin content of food exposed to gamma radiation with food that…

A: As we can see, the content of B6, B12, E and Riboflavin increased on exposure while that of Niacin…

Q: A person with lymphoma receives a dose of 35 Gy in the form of γ radiation during a course of…

A:

Q: What is the dose rate for the muscle from g-ray source having flux of 100 photons per cm2/s ? (E g=2…

A:

Q: (a) A 10 g tumour is irradiated with high energy gamma-rays and absorbs a total of 0.5 J of energy.…

A: (a)   The absorbed does of the energy by a 10 g tumour can be calculated as,

Q: Can the harmful effects of radiation be minimized? How?

A: Can the harmful effects of radiation be minimized?

Q: Calculate the force on an alpha particle passing a gold atomic nucleus at a distance of 0.00300 A.

A:

Q: The biological damage caused by 1 gray of a -radiation is compared with 1 gray of y-radiation in the…

A:

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions are processes in which the fundamental characteristics of a nucleus changes. They change into a completely different nucleus. These processes occur naturally in an unstable nucleus. Bombarding an energetic particle can induce nuclear reactions.  In this article, both the naturally occurring nuclear reactions are termed as radioactive decay and the induced nuclear reactions are further categorized as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.