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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter4: Molecular Structure And Orbitals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13Q

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2-
Arrange SO2, SO3, and SO3 in order of decreasing S–O bond distance.
Rank from highest S-O bond distance to the lowest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
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SO3
SO2
SO,?
highest bond distance
lowest bond distance
OThe correct ranking cannot be determined.
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Consider the following flat drawing of methane (CH4) . a. What is HCH bond angle implied by this drawing if you assume it is flat? b. Are the electron domains of this flat CH4 spread out as much as possible? c. Use model materials to make a model of CH4 (methane). If you assembled it correctly, thefour bonds (bonding electron domains) of your model will be 109.5° apart. d. In which representation, the drawing above or the model in your hand (circle one) are theH’s of CH4 more spread out around the central carbon? e. Confirm that your model looks like the following drawing. The wedgebond represents a bond coming out of the page, and the dash bondrepresents a bond going into the page f. You will often see methane drawn as if it were flat (like on the previous page). Why is thismisleading, and what is left to the viewer’s imagination when looking at such a drawing?
Rank the following molecules by order of increasing bond energy: F2, F2^+, F2^2+. Justify your answer in detail.
The diagram that follows shows the highest-energy occupiedMOs of a neutral molecule CX, where element X is in thesame row of the periodic table as C. (a) Based on the numberof electrons, can you determine the identity of X? (b) Wouldthe molecule be diamagnetic or paramagnetic? (c) Considerthe p2p MOs of the molecule. Would you expect them to havea greater atomic orbital contribution from C, have a greateratomic orbital contribution from X, or be an equal mixtureof atomic orbitals from the two atoms?
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings ofthree possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape,give the electron-domain geometry on which the moleculargeometry is based. (b) For each shape, how many nonbondingelectron domains are there on atom A? (c) Which of thefollowing elements will lead to an AF4 molecule with theshape in (iii): Be, C, S, Se, Si, Xe? (d) Name an element A thatis expected to lead to the AF4 structure shown in (i).
The wavelength at which the O2 molecule most stronglyabsorbs light is approximately 145 nm. (a) In which regionof the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?(b) Would a photon whose wavelength is 145 nm haveenough energy to photodissociate O2 whose bond energy is495 kJ/mol? Would it have enough energy to photoionize O2?
Cyclopropane (C₃H₆), the smallest cyclic hydrocarbon, isreactive for the same reason white phosphorus is. Use bondproperties and valence bond theory to explain its high reactivity.
A benzene molecule can be modeled as six carbon atoms arrangedin a regular hexagon in a plane. At each carbon atom, one of threeradicals NH2, COOH, or OH can be attached. How many suchcompounds are possible? (Make no distinction between single anddouble bonds between the atoms.)
Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following moleculesor ions, and predict their electron-domain and moleculargeometries: (a) AsF3, (b) CH3+, (c) BrF3, (d) ClO3-, (e) XeF2,(f) BrO2-.
Give the electron-domain and molecular geometries for thefollowing molecules and ions: (a) HCN, (b) SO32 - , (c) SF4,(d) PF6-, (e)NH3Cl+, (f) N3-.
The VSEPR model was developed before any xenon com-pounds had been prepared. Thus, these compounds provided anexcellent test of the model’s predictive power. What would youhave predicted for the shapes of XeF₂, XeF₄, and XeF₆?
Place the following molecules and ions in order from smallestto largest bond order: H2+, B2, N2+, F2+, and Ne2.
Complete the molecular orbital diagram for H2H2. Two atomic s-orbitals will combine to generate two new molecular orbitals - one σ (bonding) and one σ (antibonding). Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

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