Assume that the marginal revenue product schedules of accountants and instructors are similar. Which of the following explains why accountants have greater beginning wages than school teachers? 1 Accountants have lower human capital than instructors. b. Accountants face fewer opportunities than instructors. 3. Accounting businesses offer a more pleasant working atmosphere than schools. 4. Accountants are in short supply as comparison to instructors. 5. Teaching majors graduate from college at a lower rate than accounting majors.
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- Assume accountants and teachers have identical marginal revenue product schedules. Which of the following provides an explanation for why accountants receive higher starting salaries than school teachers? a. Accountants have less human capital than school teachers. b. Accountants have lower opportunity cost than school teachers. c. Accounting firms provide a more pleasant work environment than schools provide. d. The supply of accountants is low relative to the supply of teachers. e. Fewer teaching majors graduate from college each year than accounting majors.The chair of the FASB at one time noted that “the flowof standards can only be slowed if (1) producers focus less on quarterly earnings per share and taxbenefits and more on quality products, and (2) accountants and lawyers rely less on rules and law and moreon professional judgment and conduct.” Explain his comment.A paper published in the Harvard Business Review points out a new way to calculate economic profit that could be more appropriate for service firms and other people-intensive companies. Instead of focusing on investment and return on investment, the focus is on employee productivity, both in terms of generating revenues and reducing costs. The approach is to first determine economic profit in the conventional way, except that we ignore taxes, so that economic profit is before tax, as follows: Economic profit = Operating profit − Capital charge Assume the following information for a hotel chain that wishes to adopt the new method. The firm has $100 million in operating profit, has $1 billion in investment, and uses a cost of capital rate of 5%, so the capital charge is $50 million and the economic profit is $50 million. Relevant calculations are contained in Part 1 of the following schedule: Part 1: Economic Profit (in thousands, except cost of capital rate)…
- A paper published in the Harvard Business Review points out a new way to calculate economic profit that could be more appropriate for service firms and other people-intensive companies. Instead of focusing on investment and return on investment, the focus is on employee productivity, in terms of both generating revenues and reducing costs. The approach is to first determine economic profit in the conventional way, except that we ignore taxes, so that economic profit is before tax, as follows: Economic profit = Operating profit − Capital charge Assume the following information for a hotel chain that wishes to adopt the new method. The firm has $100 million in operating profit, has $1 billion in investment, and uses a cost of capital rate of 5%, so the capital charge is $50 million and the economic profit is $50 million. Relevant calculations are contained in Part 1 of the following schedule: Part 1: Economic Profit (in thousands, except cost of capital rate) Revenue $…You work for Alphabet Holdings Plc as a junior management accountant. The board of directors are considering ways to improve the suboptimal performance of an investment in a manufacturing company called DEF products Ltd. As you can see from the table below the directors are considering closing products Bozon and Carbon in an effort to improve overall profitability. You spot that marginal costing would show the results differently and may affect the directors’ decision. Requirements for Question 2 Use your knowledge of management accounting and marginal costing to calculate the contribution of each product Use your findings from part (a) and appropriate academic references to explain whether the company should stop making product Bozon Use your findings from part (a) and appropriate academic references to explain whether the company should stop making product Carbon Discuss how and why marginal costing calculates contribution to pay overheads and why this is…Consider the following statement: Many corporations require all staff accountants to hold not only a degree in accounting but also to have a CPA license. There is a substantially higher cost to hiring CPAs. In your discussion post, address the following: Speculate on why corporations do not lower their explicit payroll cost by hiring accountants without a CPA. Consider how asymmetric information, moral hazard, and adverse selection may impact the perception of risk.
- You should use a financial calculator and Excel to solve the problems. Discuss the differences between efficiency and effectiveness. Why is it important for small business owners to understand the difference between profit and profitability? What financial ratio is used to determine profitability? Sam quit a $30,000-a-year job with a local heating and air conditioning firm to go into business for himself. After his first year in business, his accountant showed him an income statement that indicated Sam’s firm had a profit of $40,000. During this year Sam had drawn a salary of $20,000. What was Sam’s accounting profit, his entrepreneurial profit, and his opportunity cost? Explain the difference between accounting and entrepreneurial profit. Discuss the differences between operating and financial leverage. You are going to open a business making custom cabinets. You can sell each cabinet for $80. It takes a cabinet-maker approximately 45 minutes to make one cabinet. Each…Consider the following conversation between Gary Means, manager of a division that produces industrial machinery, and his controller, Donna Simpson, a certified management accountant and certified public accountant: Gary: Donna, we have a real problem. Our operating cash is too low, and we are in desperate need of a loan. As you know, our financial position is marginal, and we need to show as much income as possibleand our assets need bolstering as well. Donna: I understand the problem, but I dont see what can be done at this point. This is the last week of the fiscal year, and it looks like well report income just slightly above breakeven. Gary: I know all this. What we need is some creative accounting. I have an idea that might help us, and I wanted to see if you would go along with it. We have 200 partially finished machines in process, about 20% complete. That compares with the 1,000 units that we completed and sold during the year. When you computed the per-unit cost, you used 1,040 equivalent units, giving us a manufacturing cost of 1,500 per unit. That per-unit cost gives us cost of goods sold equal to 1.5 million and ending work in process worth 60,000. The presence of the work in process gives us a chance to improve our financial position. If we report the units in work in process as 80% complete, this will increase our equivalent units to 1,160. This, in turn, will decrease our unit cost to about 1,345 and cost of goods sold to 1.345 million. The value of our work in process will increase to 215,200. With those financial stats, the loan would be a cinch. Donna: Gary, I dont know. What youre suggesting is risky. It wouldnt take much auditing skill to catch this one. Gary: You dont have to worry about that. The auditors wont be here for at least 6 to 8 more weeks. By that time, we can have those partially completed units completed and sold. I can bury the labor cost by having some of our more loyal workers work overtime for some bonuses. The overtime will never be reported. And, as you know, bonuses come out of the corporate budget and are assigned to overheadnext years overhead. Donna, this will work. If we look good and get the loan to boot, corporate headquarters will treat us well. If we dont do this, we could lose our jobs. Required: 1. Should Donna agree to Garys proposal? Why or why not? To assist in deciding, review the corporate code of ethics standards described in Chapter 1. Do any apply? 2. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate and that Gary accepts this decision and drops the matter. Does Donna have any obligation to report the divisional managers behavior to a superior? Explain. 3. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate; however, Gary insists that the changes be made. Now what should she do? What would you do? 4. Suppose that Donna is 63 and that the prospects for employment elsewhere are bleak. Assume again that Gary insists that the changes be made. Donna also knows that his supervisor, the owner of the company, is his father-in-law. Under these circumstances, would your recommendations for Donna differ?Assume you have been hired by Cabelas Sporting Goods. As part of your new role in the accounting department, you have been tasked to set up a responsibility accounting structure for the company. As your first task, your supervisor has asked you to give an example of a cost center, profit center, and an investment center within the Cabelas organization. Your supervisor is a little unsure of the difference between a profit center and investment center and would like you to explain the difference.
- Qualified accountants have superior knowledge of tax and financial reporting What sort of power do they exert over other managers in an organisation OA Coercive power Expert power Referent power Reward power The cross elasticity of demand between Product M and Product N is positive. What is the correct description of both Product M and Product N ? Complementary goods Veblen goods Giffen goods Substitute goodsPatrick Financial Services, an accounting firm, specialises in providing accounting and taxation work for dentists and doctors. You have been provided with financial information relating to the firm in appendix 1. In appendix 2, you have been provided with non-financial information which is based on the balanced scorecard format. Notes Error rates measure the number of jobs with mistakes made by staff as a proportion of clients serviced. Core work is defined as being accountancy and taxation. On-core work is defined primarily as pension advice and business consultancy. On-core work is traditionally high margin work. Required: Using the information in appendix 1 only, comment on the financial performance of the business (briefly consider growth, profitability and credit management) Explain why non-financial information, such as the type shown in appendix 2, is likely to give a better indication of the likely future success of the business than the financial information…In a strategy meeting, the computer manufacturing company's president said, "If we raised the price of our product, the company's break-even point will be lower." The financial vice president responded by saying, "The company will also be less likely to incur a loss." As a management accountant would you agree or disagree with these statements and why?