The chair of the FASB at one time noted that “the flowof standards can only be slowed if (1) producers focus less on quarterly earnings per share and taxbenefits and more on quality products, and (2) accountants and lawyers rely less on rules and law and moreon professional judgment and conduct.” Explain his comment.
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The chair of the FASB at one time noted that “the flow
of standards can only be slowed if
(1) producers focus less on quarterly earnings per share and tax
benefits and more on quality products, and
(2) accountants and lawyers rely less on rules and law and more
on professional judgment and conduct.”
Explain his comment.
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- In a strategy meeting, the computer manufacturing company's president said, "If we raised the price of our product, the company's break-even point will be lower." The financial vice president responded by saying, "The company will also be less likely to incur a loss." As a management accountant would you agree or disagree with these statements and why?In a strategy meeting, a manufacturing company’s president said, “If we raise the price of our product, the company’s break-even point will be lower.” Thefinancial vice president responded by saying, “Then we should raise our price. The company will be less likely to incur a loss.” Do you agree with the president? Why? Do you agree with the financial vice president? Why?Maple & Co, chartered accountants, is suffering from declining revenue, and as a result of this, another audit manager has been asked to consider how to improve the firm’s profitability. In a conversation with you this morning he mentioned the following:“We really need to make our audits more efficient. I think we should fix materiality at theplanning for all audits, as this would reduce the work we need to do. I also think we can cut the firm’s overheads by reducing our spending on training. We spend a lot on expensive training courses for junior members of the audit team, and on Continuing Professional Development for our qualified members of staff.We could also guarantee our clients that all audits will be completed quicker than last year.Reducing the time spent on each assignment will improve the firm’s efficiency and enable us to take on more audit clients.”Required:Comment on the practice of Maple & Co. and quality control issues raised by the audit manager’s suggestions…
- II. Jerry Prior, Beeler Corporation’s controller, is concerned that net income may be lower this year. He is afraid upper-level management might recommend cost reductions by laying off accounting staff including him. Prior knows that depreciation is a major expense for Beeler. The company currently uses the double-declining-balance method for both financial reporting and tax purposes, and he’s thinking of selling equipment that, given its age, is primarily used when there are periodic spikes in demand. The equipment has a carrying value of $2,000,000 and a fair value of $2,180,000. The gain on the sale would be reported in the income statement. He doesn’t want to highlight this method of increasing income. He thinks, “Why don’t I increase the estimated useful lives and the salvage values? That will decrease depreciation expense and require less extensive disclosure, since the changes are accounted for prospectively. I may be able to save my job and those of my staff.” Instructions…A paper published in the Harvard Business Review points out a new way to calculate economic profit that could be more appropriate for service firms and other people-intensive companies. Instead of focusing on investment and return on investment, the focus is on employee productivity, both in terms of generating revenues and reducing costs. The approach is to first determine economic profit in the conventional way, except that we ignore taxes, so that economic profit is before tax, as follows: Economic profit = Operating profit − Capital charge Assume the following information for a hotel chain that wishes to adopt the new method. The firm has $100 million in operating profit, has $1 billion in investment, and uses a cost of capital rate of 5%, so the capital charge is $50 million and the economic profit is $50 million. Relevant calculations are contained in Part 1 of the following schedule: Part 1: Economic Profit (in thousands, except cost of capital rate)…A paper published in the Harvard Business Review points out a new way to calculate economic profit that could be more appropriate for service firms and other people-intensive companies. Instead of focusing on investment and return on investment, the focus is on employee productivity, in terms of both generating revenues and reducing costs. The approach is to first determine economic profit in the conventional way, except that we ignore taxes, so that economic profit is before tax, as follows: Economic profit = Operating profit − Capital charge Assume the following information for a hotel chain that wishes to adopt the new method. The firm has $100 million in operating profit, has $1 billion in investment, and uses a cost of capital rate of 5%, so the capital charge is $50 million and the economic profit is $50 million. Relevant calculations are contained in Part 1 of the following schedule: Part 1: Economic Profit (in thousands, except cost of capital rate) Revenue $…
- Consider the following conversation between Gary Means, manager of a division that produces industrial machinery, and his controller, Donna Simpson, a certified management accountant and certified public accountant: Gary: Donna, we have a real problem. Our operating cash is too low, and we are in desperate need of a loan. As you know, our financial position is marginal, and we need to show as much income as possibleand our assets need bolstering as well. Donna: I understand the problem, but I dont see what can be done at this point. This is the last week of the fiscal year, and it looks like well report income just slightly above breakeven. Gary: I know all this. What we need is some creative accounting. I have an idea that might help us, and I wanted to see if you would go along with it. We have 200 partially finished machines in process, about 20% complete. That compares with the 1,000 units that we completed and sold during the year. When you computed the per-unit cost, you used 1,040 equivalent units, giving us a manufacturing cost of 1,500 per unit. That per-unit cost gives us cost of goods sold equal to 1.5 million and ending work in process worth 60,000. The presence of the work in process gives us a chance to improve our financial position. If we report the units in work in process as 80% complete, this will increase our equivalent units to 1,160. This, in turn, will decrease our unit cost to about 1,345 and cost of goods sold to 1.345 million. The value of our work in process will increase to 215,200. With those financial stats, the loan would be a cinch. Donna: Gary, I dont know. What youre suggesting is risky. It wouldnt take much auditing skill to catch this one. Gary: You dont have to worry about that. The auditors wont be here for at least 6 to 8 more weeks. By that time, we can have those partially completed units completed and sold. I can bury the labor cost by having some of our more loyal workers work overtime for some bonuses. The overtime will never be reported. And, as you know, bonuses come out of the corporate budget and are assigned to overheadnext years overhead. Donna, this will work. If we look good and get the loan to boot, corporate headquarters will treat us well. If we dont do this, we could lose our jobs. Required: 1. Should Donna agree to Garys proposal? Why or why not? To assist in deciding, review the corporate code of ethics standards described in Chapter 1. Do any apply? 2. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate and that Gary accepts this decision and drops the matter. Does Donna have any obligation to report the divisional managers behavior to a superior? Explain. 3. Assume that Donna refuses to cooperate; however, Gary insists that the changes be made. Now what should she do? What would you do? 4. Suppose that Donna is 63 and that the prospects for employment elsewhere are bleak. Assume again that Gary insists that the changes be made. Donna also knows that his supervisor, the owner of the company, is his father-in-law. Under these circumstances, would your recommendations for Donna differ?Internal production supervisors of a company’s product line would be MOST likely to ask which of the following questions? Select answer from the options below 1.How much profit can the company expect to earn this year? 2.What can the company afford to pay its employees this year? 3.Which product line is the least profitable and should be eliminated? 4.How much should the company charge for its products to maximize its profit?Which of the following statements most likely describes a situation that would motivate amanager to issue low-quality fi nancial reports?A . Th e manager’s compensation is tied to stock price performance.B . Th e manager has increased the market share of products signifi cantly.C . Th e manager has brought the company’s profi tability to a level higher thancompetitors.
- The public accounting firm of Hanson and Brown was expanding very rapidly. Consequently, it hired several staff assistants, including James Small. Subsequently, the partners of the firm became dissatisfied with Small’s production and warned him that they would be forced to discharge him unless his output increased significantly.ABC Ltd has incorporated a bonus plan that rewards the board of directors (executive members) by providinga bonus of 3 percent of reported profits. This is an Accounting-based incentive that has the advantage whichthe accounting results may be based on subunit or divisional performance."A well-informed labour market will motivate management to work to maximize the value of its firm.Underperformance might lead to dismissal and, if the labor market is efficient in disseminating data, a 'failed'the manager might have difficulty attracting a position with comparable pay elsewhere." (Deegan, 2020)Requirement:1) Using Positive Accounting Theory (PAT), discuss the bonus theme in general and why the bonus plan(Accounting-based) was put in place in ABC Ltd? Please provide references for my study. Thing to include in answer: Demonstrate superiorknowledge of the theory andkey concepts. Excellentinterpretation with extensiveelaboration of relevant subtopics, appropriatelyweighted and within…ABC Ltd has incorporated a bonus plan that rewards the board of directors (executive members) by providinga bonus of 3 percent of reported profits. This is an Accounting-based incentive that has the advantage whichthe accounting results may be based on subunit or divisional performance."A well-informed labour market will motivate management to work to maximize the value of its firm.Underperformance might lead to dismissal and, if the labor market is efficient in disseminating data, a 'failed'the manager might have difficulty attracting a position with comparable pay elsewhere." (Deegan, 2020)Requirement:1) Using Positive Accounting Theory (PAT), discuss the bonus theme in general and why the bonus plan(Accounting-based) was put in place in ABC Ltd? Please provide references for my study.