Assume there are two firms in the market producing a homogeneous good. Firms simultaneously choose their quantities, q1 and q2, and both have the same constant marginal cost, c. The market demand is linear in total quantity, as follows: d = a - b* q where q = q1 + q2. a. Identify each firm's best response. b. From part a, derive the Nash equilibrium of this market competition. c. Show the total duopoly profit is less than the monopoly profit.
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- Consider a market for crude oil production. There are two firms in the market. The marginal cost of firm 1 is 20, while that of firm 2 is 20. The marginal cost is assumed to be constant. The inverse demand for crude oil is P(Q)=200-Q, where Q is the total production in the market. These two firms are engaging in Cournot competition. Find the production quantity of firm 1 in Nash equilibrium. If necessary, round off two decimal places and answer up to one decimal place.Consider two firms that produce the same good and compete setting quantities. The firms face a linear demand curve given by P (Q) = 1 − Q, where the Q is the total quantity offered by the firms. The cost function for each of the firms is c(qi) = cqi, where 0 < c < 1 and qi is the quantity offered by the firm i = 1,2. Find the Nash equilibrium output choices of the firms, as well as the total output and the price, and calculate the output and the welfare loss compared to the competitive outcome. How would the answer change if the firms compete setting prices? What can we conclude about the relationship between competition and the number of firms?Three electricity generating firms are competing in the market with the inverse demand given by P(Q) = 20 – Q. All firms have constant marginal costs. Firm 1’s marginal cost is MC = 5; it has a capacity constraint of K1 = 5 units. Firm 2’s marginal cost is MC = 8; it has a capacity constraint of K2 = 2.5 units. Firm 3’s marginal cost is MC = 10; it has a capacity constraint of K3 = 2.5 units. A. The three firms compete in the style of Cournot. Please compute the Nash equilibrium quantities. Also compute the price in the Nash equilibrium. B. Which of these firms would have produced a larger quantity if it had a larger capacity?
- Suppose two types of consumers buy suits. Consumers of type A will pay $100 for a coat and $50 for pants. Consumers of type B will pay $75 for a coat and $75 for pants. The firm selling suits faces no competition and has a marginal cost of zero. If the firm can identify each consumer type and can price discriminate, what is the optimal price for a pair of pants? Multiple Choice Charge type A consumers $50 and type B consumers $75. Charge both types $150. Charge both types $75. Charge type A consumers $50 and type B consumers $50.Two firms produce a homogeneous good and compete in price. Prices can only take integer values. The demand curve is Q = 6 p, where p denotes the lower of the two prices. The lower - priced firm meets all the market demand. If the two firms post the same price p, each one gets half the market demand at that price, i. e., each gets (6p)/2. Production cost is zero.a) Show that the best response to your rival posting a price of 6 is to post the monopoly price of 3. What is the best response against a rival's price of 4? of 5?Two firms produce the samecommodity, both with zero cost. The demand for this commodity is D(P) = 100−P.The two firms can each produce at most 50 units. They compete on price andrationing is efficient: if pi < pj then the demand that j faces is Dj(p) = D(pj) − qi,where qi is the quantity supplied by firm i. That is, the lower price firm gets to sellfirst. Is the price list p = (p1, p2) = (0, 0) a Nash equilibrium? Prove your assertion.
- Consider two firms that produce the same good and competesetting quantities. The firms face a linear demand curve given by P(Q) =1 − Q, where the Q is the total quantity offered by the firms. The costfunction for each of the firms is c(qi) = cqi, where 0 < c < 1 and qiis the quantity offered by the firm i = 1, 2. Find the Nash equilibriumoutput choices of the firms, as well as the total output and the price, andcalculate the output and the welfare loss compared to the competitiveoutcome. How would the answer change if the firms compete settingprices? What can we conclude about the relationship between competitionand the number of firms?consider a market with inverse demand P(Q) = 10 − Q and two firms with cost curves C1(q1) = 2q1 and C2(q2) = 2q2 (that is, they have the same marginal costs and no fixed costs). They compete by choosing quantities. Now consider a modified game, which goes as follows: First, Firm 1 decides whether to enter the market or not. As in the previous question, there is no fixed cost, even if the firm decides to enter. Next, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s entry choice and decides whether to enter or not.Firm 2 has no fixed cost as well. If no firm enters, the game ends. If only one firm enters, that firm chooses quantity, operating as a monopolist. If both firms enter, then Firm 1 chooses quantity q1. Then, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s choice of q1 and then chooses q2 (like in the previous question). If a firm does not enter, it gets a payoff of zero. Which of the following statements is consistent with the SPNE of this game? Hint: you don’t need complicated math to solve this problem.(a) Neither firm…In a Bertrand duopoly with homogenous goods and symmetric and identical constant marginal costfunctions the Nash equilibrium has:.
- Consider a "Betrand price competition model" between two profit maximizing widget producers say A and B. The marginal cost of producing a widget is 4 for each producer. Each widget producer has a capacity constraint to produce only 5 widgets. There are 8 identical individuals who demand 1 widget only, and individuals value each widget at 6. If the firms are maximizing profits, then which of the following statement is true: a) Firm A and Firm B will charge 4 b) Firm A and Firm B will charge 6 c) Firm A and Firm B will charge greater than or equal to 5 d) None of the options are correct. Explain clearly.Which statement best describes a Nash equilibrium applies to price competition? 1. Two firms cooperate and set the price that maximizes joint profits. 2. Each firm automatically moves to the purely competitive equilibrium because it knows the other firm will eventually move to that price away. 3 given the prices chosen by its competitors, no firm has an incentive to change their prices from the equilibrium level. 4. One dominant firm sets the price, and the other firms take that’s price as if it were given by the market. 5. None of the above.Consider two firms that compete according to the Cournot model. Inverse demand is P (Q) = 16 − Q. Their cost functions are C (q1) = 2q1 and C (q2) = 6q2 (a) Solve for Nash equilibrium quantities of each firm (b) Suppose firm 2 becomes more inefficient and its cost function changes to C (q2) = xq2 where x > 6. How large must x be to cause firm 2 to not want to produce anything in equilibrium?