Assume you are a corn farmer, and you want to lock in a price for part of your upcoming harvest. You see that the December futures contracts are currently trading at $7.10/bu, and you anticipate basis to be 5-0.05/ba. What is your anticipated hedge price?
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- Suppose that the current spot price of corn is $720 per bushel. The one year risk-free rate is 6% per annum. The futures price for delivery of one bushel of corn in one year’s time is $792 per bushel. Assume that net costs (storage costs minus convenience yield) are $15 per bushel (over the next one year). Is the futures contract correctly priced? If not, what is the theoretically correct price for the futures contract and how could you take advantage of any mispricing? Please show full steps and explain.Later, Linda believes that futures contracts on currencies can offer a greater return than futures contracts on indices. Consider storing a 3-year futures contract at a cost of MYR 6 per unit. Assume that the risk-free rate is 6% per year for all maturities and that the current price is MYR 760 per unit. Estimate the predicted price in the future. What will Linda do if she is an arbitrageur, and the real future price is higher than the predicted future price?Consider a farmer who plans to sell 6,000 bushels of corns on date T. The date-T spot price of corn is normally distributed with mean $500 per bushel and standard deviation $50 per bushel. To hedge the price risk, the farmer considers shorting corn futures with delivery on date T. The futures price is $480 per bushel, and one contract is to deliver 5,000 bushels. In addition, the farmer can take only integer number of contracts (i.e, a fraction of contract such as 0.1 is NOT allowed). (a) How may contracts does the farmer need to take? (b) What is the mean of the total revenue? (c) What is the standard deviation of the total revenue?
- A farmer shorts cocoa futures for 500 tons at RM6,000 per ton. The exchange requires him to post RM300,000 as the initial margin, and sets the maintenance margin at RM250,000. At what price change the margin call level will be triggered? What is the margin call price?(a) What is the difference between a “hedger” and “arbitrager?" (b)What is the difference between a “speculator” and an “arbitrager?” (c)Suppose that you observe today, June 16, 2021, that the spot price for corn is $5.74 per bushel and the January 2022 futures price is $5.95 per bushel. You expect corn will sell in January 2022 for a price of $6.50 per bushel. For you, the cost of storing corn per month is 3 cents per bushel. a. If you are a speculator, what do you do? _______________________ b. If you are an arbitrager, what do you do? _______________The futures price of a commodity such as wheat is $2.50 a bushel. Futures contracts are for 10,000 bushels, and the margin requirement is $2,500 a contract. The maintenance market requirement is $1,000. A speculator expects the price of the commodity to rise and enters into a contract to buy wheat. a. How much must the speculator initially remit? b. If the futures price rises to $2.60, what is the profit and return on the position? c. If the futures price declines to $2.47, what is the loss on the position?
- Suppose that the standard deviation of quarterly changes in the prices of a commodity is $0.65, the standard deviation of quarterly changes in a futures price on the commodity is $0.81, and the coefficient of correlation between the two changes is 0.8. What is the optimal hedge ratio for a three-month contract? What does it mean? Explain what is meant by basis risk when futures contracts are used for hedging.Suppose the standard deviation of monthly changes in the price of a commodity is 0.4. The standard deviation of monthly changes in futures price for a contract on commodity B (similar to commodity A) is 0.5. The correlation between the futures and commodity price is 0.88. What is the hedge ratio and the optimal number of contracts if the commodity trader wants to hedge 10000 bushels and one contract is on 100bushels? Hedge ratio should be rounded off to three decimal places and optima number of contracts should be in whole numbers.The futures price of a commodity such as wheat is $2.50 a bushel. Futures contracts are for 10,000 bushels, and the margin requirement is $2,500 a contract. The maintenance market requirement is $1,000. A speculator expects the price of the commodity to rise and enters into a contract to buy wheat. d. If the futures price rises to $2.70, what must the speculator do? e. If the futures price continues to decline to $2.32, how much does the speculatorhave in the account?
- A merchant's position in cash is 10000 bushel of wheat, the variance of the changes of the future price is 0.00094, the variance of the changes of the base is 0.000453, the variance of the changes of the price in cash is 0.000805 and the covariance of the changes of the forward price with the changes of the prices in cash is 0.000518. Calculate the efficiency of the hedge and choose one of the following answers a. 0.97 b. 0.31 c. 0.69 d. 0.03Suppose that you enter into a short futures contract to sell July silver for $17.20 per ounce. The size of the contract is 5,000 ounces. The initial margin is $4,000, and the maintenance margin is $3,000.What change in the futures price will lead to a margin call?What happens if you do not meet the margin call?You are considering a European put option and a European call option on ABC Ltd and have available the following information. The put option with an exercise price of $15 and time to maturity of 60 days is priced at $2.00. The call option with the same exercise price and time to maturity is priced at $3.00. The underlying asset price is $15. The risk-free rate is 2% per 60 days. Could an arbitrage profit be earned? If so, how much the arbitrage profit is? Show your works (Hint: use discrete put-call parity equation and consider two scenarios for stock price at maturity of the options: $10 or $20).