8 Two traffic signal systems are being considered for an intersection. One system costs $33,000 for installation and has an efficiency rating of 81%, requires 30 kW power (output), incurs a user cost of $0.24 per vehicle, and has a life of 12 years. A secondsystem costs $46,000 to install, has an efficiency rating of 88%, requires 36 kW power (output), has a user cost of $0.19 per vehicle, and has a life of 15 years. Annual maintenance costs are $70 and $90, respectively. MARR = 9% per year. How manyvehicles must use the intersection to justify the second system when electricity costs $0.08/kWh? Assume salvage value for each system equals zero. Project the difference in the user cost as savings for the second system. There are approximately 8,760hours/year.Click the icon to view the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when the MARR is 9% per year.(.....At leastvehicles per day must use the intersection to justify the second system. (Round up to the nearest whole number.)

A costing system is a method that is designed for monitoring the costs which are incurred by the…

Answered: At least vehicles per day must use the…

At least vehicles per day must use the intersection to justify the second system. (Round up to the nearest whole number.)

Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)

13th Edition

ISBN:9781337395083

Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves

Publisher:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves

Chapter12: Capital Budgeting: Decision Criteria

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: The Aubey Coffee Company is evaluating the within-plant distribution system for its new roasting,...

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The Aubey Coffee Company is evaluating the within-plant distribution system for its new roasting, grinding, and packing plant. The two alternatives are (1) a conveyor system with a high initial cost but low annual operating costs and (2) several forklift trucks, which cost less but have considerably higher operating costs. The decision to construct the plant has already been made, and the choice here will have no effect on the overall revenues of the project. The cost of capital for the plant is 8%, and the projects’ expected net costs are listed in the following table: What is the IRR of each alternative? What is the present value of the costs of each alternative? Which method should be chosen?
Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)
Den-Tex Company is evaluating a proposal to replace its HID (high intensity discharge) lighting with LED (light emitting diode) lighting throughout its warehouse. LED lighting consumes less power and lasts longer than HID lighting for similar performance. The following information was developed: a. Determine the investment cost for replacing the 700 fixtures. b. Determine the annual utility cost savings from employing the new energy solution. c. Should the proposal be accepted? Evaluate the proposal using net present value, assuming a 15-year life and 8% minimum rate of return. (Present value factors are available in Appendix A.)
Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?
A mechanical engineer is considering two robots for improving materials handling in the production of rigid shaft couplings that mate dissimilar drive components. Robot X has a first cost of $84,000, an annual maintenance and operation (M&O) cost of $31,000, a $40,000 salvage value, and will improve net revenues by $96,000 per year. Robot Y has a first cost of $146,000, an annual M&O cost of $28,000, a $47,000 salvage value, and will increase net revenues by $119,000 per year. Which one should be selected on the basis of a rate of return analysis if the company’s MARR is 15% per year? Use a three-year study period.
Two types of 150-horsepower (HP) motors are being considered for installationat a municipal sewage-treatment plant. The first motor costs $4,500 and has anoperating efficiency of 83% at full load. The second motor costs $3,600 and hasan efficiency rating of 80% at full load. Both motors are projected to have zerosalvage value after a life of 10 years. The annual operating and maintenance cost(excepting power cost) amounts to 15% of the original cost of each motor. Thepower costs are a flat 5 cents per kilowatt-hour. What would be the minimumnumber of hours of full-load operation per year necessary to justify the purchaseof the more expensive motor at i = 6%? (1HP = 0.7457 kilowatt)(a) 851 hours to 900 hours (b) 901 hours to 950 hours(c) 951 hours to 1,000 hours (d) 1,001 hours to 1,050 hours
The Department of Public Works is trying to decide between "patching" a road or repaving it completely. If the "patching" system is used, approximately 300 cubic meters of material will be required, at $25 per cubic meter (on site). Additionally, the berms will need to be re-constructed, which will cost $3000. The annual cost of routine maintenance of the "patched" road would be $4000. Repairs would only last 2 years, after which they would have to be re-made. The other alternative is for the department to repave the entire road, which would cost $65,000. This area would last 10 years if the road were maintained at a cost of $15000 per year, starting in 4 years. Regardless of which alternative is chosen, the road will be rebuilt within 10 years. If the interest rate is 13% per year, which alternative should the department select, based on present value?
A process control manager is considering two robots to improve materials handling capacity in the production of rigid shaft couplings that mate dissimilar drive components. Robot X has a first cost of $84,000, an annual M&O cost of $31,000, a $40,000 salvage value, and will improve revenues by $96,000 per year. Robot Y has a first cost of $146,000, an annual M&O cost of $28,000, a $47,000 salvage value, and will increase revenues by $119,000 per year. The company’s MARR is 15% per year and it uses a 3-year study period for economic evaluations. Which one should the manager select (a) on the basis of ROR values, and (b) on the basis of the incremental ROR value? (c) Which is the correct selection basis? Perform the analysis by hand or spreadsheet, as instructed.
The Tennessee Department of Highways is trying to decide whether it should “hot-patch” a short stretch of an existing highway or resurface it. If the hotpatch method is chosen, approximately 500 cubic meters of material would be required at a cost of $800/cubic meter (in place). If hot-patched, the shoulders will have to be improved at the same time at a cost of $24,000. The shoulders must be maintained at a cost of $3000 every 2 years. The annual cost of routine maintenance on the patched road is estimated to be $6000. Alternatively, the state can resurface the road at a cost of $500,000. If maintained properly, at a cost of $2000 per year beginning in the second year, the surface will last for 10 years. The shoulders would require reworking at the end of the fifth year at a cost of $15,000. Regardless of the method selected, the road will be completely rebuilt in 10 years. At an interest rate of 9%, which alternative should be chosen?
Rust Industrial Systems Company is trying to decide between two different conveyor belt systems. System A costs $290,000, has a four - year life, and requires $93, 000 in pretax annual operating costs. System B costs $370,000, has a six - year life, and requires $87,000 in pretax annual operating costs. Both systems are to be depreciated straight - line to zero over their lives and will have zero salvage value. Whichever project is chosen, it will not be replaced when it wears out. The tax rate is 25 percent and the discount rate is 8 percent. Calculate the NPV for both conveyor belt systems. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g " 32.16.).
Hagar Industrial Systems Company (HISC) is trying to decide between two different conveyor belt systems. System A costs $325,000, has a 4-year life, and requires $121,000 in pretax annual operating costs. System B costs $405,000, has a 6-year life, and requires $115,000 in pretax annual operating costs. Both systems are to be depreciated straight-line to zero over their lives and will have zero salvage value. Whichever project is chosen, it will not be replaced when it wears out. The tax rate is 22 percent and the discount rate is 11 percent. Calculate the NPV for both conveyor belt systems. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
North City must choose between two new snow-removal machines. The SuperBlower has a $70,000 first cost, a 20-year life, and an $8000 salvage value. At the end of 9 years, it will need a major overhaul costing $19,000. Annual maintenance and operating costs are $9000. The Sno-Mover will cost $50,000, has an expected life of 10 years, and has no salvage value. The annual maintenance and operating costs are expected to be $12,000. Using a 12% interest rate, which machine should be chosen?