At what angle of incidence is light completely polarized after reflection from a surface of water? What is the corresponding angle of refraction? Assume that light is incident from air. The n of water =1.33.
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At what angle of incidence is light completely polarized after reflection from a surface of water? What is the corresponding angle of refraction? Assume that light is incident from air. The n of water =1.33.
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- Consider a ray of light that propagates from air ( n=1 ) to any one of the materials listed below. Assuming that the ray strikes the interface with any of the listed materials always at the same angle θ1 , in which material will the direction of propagation of the ray change the most due to refraction? What is the critical angle θcrit for light propagating from a material with index of refraction of 1.50 to a material with index of refraction of 1.00?The figure below shows the path of a beam of light through several layers with different indices of refraction. (Assume n4 = 1.10.) (a) If θ1 = 32.0°, what is the angle θ2 of the emerging beam? °(b) What is the smallest incident angle θ1 to have total internal reflection at the surface between the medium with n = 1.20 and the medium with n4 = 1.10? °A ray of light strikes a flat block of glass at an incidence angle of ?1 = 38.6°. The glass is 2.00 cm thick and has an index of refraction that equals ng = 1.52. (a) What is the angle of refraction, ?2,that describes the light ray after it enters the glass from above? (Enter your answer in degrees to at least 2 decimal places.) b.)With what angle of incidence, ?3,does the ray approach the interface at the bottom of the glass? (Enter your answer in degrees to at least 2 decimal places.)
- In the figure, light initially in material 1 refracts into material 2, crosses that material, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. The indices of refraction are n1 = 1.54, n2 = 1.36, n3 = 1.16. (a) What is angle θ? (b) If θ is increased, is there refraction of light into material 3?A thin beam of light in air is incident on the surface of an lanthanum flint glass plate having a refractive index of 1.80. What is the angle of incidence ?? with this plate for which the angle of refraction is ?2/2? Both angles are measured relative to the normalA beam of light traveling through air is incident up a transparent material with refractive index 1.45 at an angle of ??θi=32.06 as shown in the image below. What is the angle of the transmitted ray (??θt) as measured with respect to the direction normal to the surface of the material (dashed line in the image below).
- A light ray of wavelength 589 nm (produced by a sodium lamp) traveling through air is incident on smooth, flat slab of crown glass at an angle ?1 of 40° to the normal, as sketched in the figure.(a) Find the angle of refraction, ?2. (b) At what angle ?3 does the ray leave the glass as it re-enters the air? (c) How does the answer for the ?3 change if the ray enters water below the slab instead of the air?ray of light strikes a flat block of glass at an incidence angle of ?1 = 38.6°. The glass is 2.00 cm thick and has an index of refraction that equals ng = 1.52. a.)What is the angle of refraction, ?2, that describes the light ray after it enters the glass from above? (Enter your answer in degrees to at least 2 decimal places.) b.) With what angle of incidence, ?3, does the ray approach the interface at the bottom of the glass? (Enter your answer in degrees to at least 2 decimal places.) c.) With what angle of refraction, ?4, does the ray emerge from the bottom of the glass? (Enter your answer in degrees to at least 1 decimal place.) d.) The distance d separates the twice-bent ray from the path it would have taken without the glass in the way. What is this distance (in cm)? e.) At what speed (in m/s) does the light travel within the glass? f.) How many nanoseconds does the light take to pass through the glass along the angled path shown here?An optical fiber with circular cross section has refractive index 1.45. It’s surrounded by a cladding with refractive index 1.43. (a) Find the maximum angle relative to the fiber axis at which light can propagate down the fiber by undergoing successive to-tal internal reflections. (b) Find the speed of light in the fiber. (c) For the angle you found in part (a), find the speed at which light actually makes its way along the fiber—that is, the length of fiber that the light traverses per unit time. Note that this isn’t the same as your answer to (b) because the light bounces back and forth rather than following a straight path along the fiber.
- A fish is swimming 3.25 meters below the surface of the lake (n=1.33), as the fisherman approaches in his boat. What is the critical angle for light leaving the fish to undergo total internal reflection? (Give your answer in degrees.) How close does the fisherman need to get to see the fish (labeled r in the image)? Ignore the fisherman's height above the water for this calculation. Give your answer in meters.The angle of incidence of a light beam in air onto a reflecting surface is continuously variable. The reflected ray is found to be completely polarized when the angle of incidence is 63.0°. (a) What is the index of refraction of the reflecting material? (b) If some of the incident light (at an angle of 63.0°) passes into the material below the surface, what is the angle of refraction? answer in degrees °As shown the path of a light beam through several slabs with different indices of refraction. (a) If θ1 = 30.0°, what is the angle θ2 of the emerging beam? (b) What must the incident angle θ1 be to have total internal reflection at the surface between the medium with n = 1.20 and the medium with n = 1.00?