(b) How many forms can naturally occurring DNA exist in? Explain how these forms are characterized. What properties of the functional groups determine the binding of DNA with anti-cancer agents? Explain.
Q: Define a mutation. Are they good or bad? What types of mutations can occur in the DNA? What…
A: A permanent modification in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs…
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A: Translation is a process in which ribosomes synthesizes the proteins in Cytoplasm after the…
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Q: True or false: The synthesis of a new strand of DNA is initiated using a DNA primer?
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- Which of these two changes is more difficult for DNA repair enzymes to fix correctly? Explain why.With regard to Chargaff’s experiment described in Figure shown,answer the following:A. What is the purpose of paper chromatography?B. Explain why it is necessary to remove the bases in order todetermine the base composition of DNA.C. Would Chargaff’s experiments have been convincing if theyhad been done on DNA from only one species? Discuss.Hemophilia , Beta Thalassemia , and Sickle Cell Disease what do all of these disorders have in common ? Which two are most similar to each other why? What is the relationshio betwrrn DNA mutation and these disorders?
- . The double-stranded circular DNA molecule thatforms the genome of the SV40 tumor virus can be denatured into single-stranded DNA molecules. Becausethe base composition of the two strands differs, thestrands can be separated on the basis of their densityinto two strands designated W(atson) and C(rick). When each of the purified preparations of the single strands was mixed with mRNA from cells infectedwith the virus, hybrids were formed between the RNAand DNA. Closer analysis of these hybridizationsshowed that RNAs that hybridized with the W preparation were different from RNAs that hybridized withthe C preparation. What does this tell you about thetranscription templates for the different classes ofRNAs?When a segment of DNA containing either aVNTR or an RFLP is analyzed, the result is fragments of DNA ofdifferent lengths. How, then, are VNTRs and RFLPs different?What Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome c. Proteome d. Metabolome e. Fluxome
- Richard Boyce and Paul Howard-Flanders conducted an experimentthat provided biochemical evidence that thymine dimers areremoved from DNA by a DNA repair system. In their studies, bacterialDNA was radiolabeled so the amount of radioactivity reflectedthe amount of thymine dimers. The DNA was thensubjected to UV light, causing the formation of thymine dimers. When radioactivity was found in the soluble fraction, thymine dimershad been excised from the DNA by a DNA repair system.But when the radioactivity was in the insoluble fraction, the thyminedimers had been retained within the DNA. The following tableillustrates some of the experimental results involving a normalstrain of E. coli and a mutant strain that was very sensitive to killingby UV light: Explain the results found in this table. Why is the mutant strainsensitive to UV light?These are concerned with the replication and synthesis ofDNA. Write a short essay that distinguishes between the termsreplication and synthesis, as applied to DNA. Which of the two ismost closely allied with the field of biochemistry?The ethidium bromide added to the agarose gels intercalates within the base pairs of the DNA double helix as it travels through the gel. Exposure to UV light causes the ethidium bromide to fluoresce, thus allowing for visualization of any DNA. How might this tendency of ethidium bromide to intercalate within the DNA double helix attribute to its carcinogenic properties in living organisms?
- Why do you suppose that forensic DNA analysis relies principally onshort tandem repeats (repeat polymorphisms) rather than single-nucleotidepolymorphisms?In modern molecular genetics, what is recombinant DNA, and how is it prepared?If DNA polymerase requires a perfectly pairedprimer in order to add the next nucleotide, how is it thatany mismatched nucleotides “escape” this requirementand become substrates for mismatch repair enzymes?