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- Let X and Y be random variables, and a and b be constants. ???? a) Show that Cov [aX,bY] = abCov [X,Y] . b) Show that if a > 0 and b > 0, then the correlation coefficient between aX and bY is the same as the correlation coefficient between X and Y . c) Is the correlation coefficient between X and Y unaffected by changes in the units of X and Y ?Let X, Y, and Z be random variables, and let Cov(⋅,⋅) denote the covariance operator as usual. Suppose that the variance of X is 0.7, Cov(X,Y) = 0.4, Cov(X,Z) = 1.2, and Cov(Y,Z) = 0.8. Find each of the following to two decimal places. (a) Cov(3Y, 3X) (b) Cov(3Y + 3, 3X + 8Z)Consider an AR(2) model: STEPS; -Write the equation of the AR(2) model- Determine the model based on the delay operator.- Find the expected value of the model- Find the variance of the model.- Find the covariances associated with 1,2, and s steps.- Find the associated correlation indices of 1,2, and s steps.- Assume that information is available up to time $h$ and the function that contains the accumulated information f(h, h-1,……), determine the forecasts and the error associated with 1,2, and s steps.- Assume that there is an initial value of the returns, denoted by $r_0$, and we have the AR(2) model at time rt, convert the AR(2) model into its equivalent MA(t)
- If X is a random variable with expectation µ and variance cµ2 , where c is a constant. Find a variance stabilizing transformation of X.Let X1,X2,X3 be random variables such that E(Xi) = μ and Var(Xi) = σ2 for all i. Find the value of the following quantities (as a function of μ and σ2) if the Xis are all mutually independent. Then repeat these calculations if each pair of variables have a correlation of ρ, that is, corr(Xi, Xj ) =ρ for i ≠ j. (a) E(X1 −X2 +X3) (b) Var(X1 − X2 + X3) (c) E(X21 − X22 + X23)Consider an MA(2) model: STEPS -Write the equation of the M(2) model-Determine the model based on the delay operator.- Find the expected value of the model- Find the variance of the model.- Find the covariances associated with 1,2, and s steps.- Find the associated correlation indices of 1,2, and s steps.- Assume that information is available up to time $h$ and the function that contains the accumulated information f(h, h-1,……), determine the forecasts and the error associated with 1,2, and s steps.
- Suppose X has a trivariate normal distribution with mean vector 0 and covariance matrix 1 0.5 0.25 0.5 1 0 0.25 0 1 A. Find the joint distribution of W1 = X1+X2+X3 and W2 = X1 - X3 B. Find the joint distribution of (X1, X2) GIVEN X3=X3 C. P(max(X1,X2)<X3) D. P(X1>X2|X3=1)The joint probability mass function p(x,y) of X and Y is defined as follows: p(0,0)=0.5 p(1,0)=0.2 p(0,1)=0.2 p(1,1)=0.1 a) What is the covariance between X and Y? b) What is the correlation coefficient of X and Y? c) Are X and Y are dependent? What about are X and Y are uncorrelated?An investor has found that company1 have an expected return on E(X) = 4% and variance for the return equal V(X) = 0.49. Company 2 has E(Y) = 6% and variance V(Y) = 0.64. The correlation between the companies return is ρ(X,Y) = 0.3. The investor wants to invest p (0<p<1) in company1 and (1-p) in company2. The combined investment have a return: R = pX + (1-p)Y. Let p=0.4 such that R= 0.4X +0.6Y. Find the Expectation and variance of R. how are these results in comparison with X and Y separatley?
- Let X have a mean of 13 and a variance of 1.1. Let Y have a mean of 9.1 and a variance of 0.75. The covariance of x and y is 0.35. Let Z=4X – 5Y+2. What is the mean and variance of Z?X1 and X2 are two discrete random variables, while the X1 random variable takes the values x1 = 1, x1 = 2 and x1 = 3, while the X2 random variable takes the values x2 = 10, x2 = 20 and x2 = 30. The combined probability mass function of the random variables X1 and X2 (pX1, X2 (x1, x2)) is given in the table below a) Find the marginal probability mass function (pX1 (X1)) of the random variable X1.b) Find the marginal probability mass function (pX2 (X2)) of the random variable X2.c) Find the expected value of the random variable X1.d) Find the expected value of the random variable X2.e) Find the variance of the random variable X1.f) Find the variance of the random variable X2.g) pX1 | X2 (x1 | x2 = 10) Find the mass function of the given conditional probability.h) pX2 | X1 (x2 | x1 = 2) Find the mass function of the given conditional probability.i) Are the random variables X1 and X2 independent? Show it. The combined probability mass function of the random variables X1 and X2 is belowQuestion 18 A researcher reported the following covariance matrix for her 3-item (7-option Likert item responses) test. Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4 Item1 3.84 2.63 1.89 2.14 Item2 2.63 3.62 2.10 2.25 Item3 1.89 2.10 3.68 2.52 Item4 2.14 2.25 2.52 3.80 What is the value of coefficient alpha? Question 19 In which of the following test assumptions is coefficient alpha NOT equal to reliability?