1 Temperature And Heat 2 The Kinetic Theory Of Gases 3 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 4 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 5 Electric Charges And Fields 6 Gauss's Law 7 Electric Potential 8 Capacitance 9 Current And Resistance 10 Direct-current Circuits 11 Magnetic Forces And Fields 12 Sources Of Magnetic Fields 13 Electromagnetic Induction 14 Inductance 15 Alternating-current Circuits 16 Electromagnetic Waves Chapter4: The Second Law Of Thermodynamics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 4.1CYU: Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of a perfect heat engine? What is the coefficient of... Problem 4.2CYU: Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for the hypothetical engine of Figure 4.10 The second... Problem 4.3CYU: Check Your Understanding A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 400 and 30 . (a) What is... Problem 4.4CYU: Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator operates between two heat reservoirs whose... Problem 4.5CYU: Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the spontaneous flow of heat from a hot object to a cold... Problem 4.6CYU: Check Your Understanding A quantity of heat Q is absorbed from a reservoir at a temperature Th by a... Problem 4.7CYU: Check Your Understanding A 50-g copper piece at a temperature of 20 is placed into a large... Problem 1CQ: State an example of a process that occurs in nature that is as close to reversible as it can be. Problem 2CQ: Explain in practical terms why efficiency is defined as Problem 3CQ: If the refrigerator door is left what happens to the temperature of the kitchen? Problem 4CQ: Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible engine to greater than 1.0? Is it possible for the... Problem 5CQ: In the text, we showed that if the Clausius statement is false, the Kelvin statement must also be... Problem 6CQ: Why don't we operate ocean liners by extracting heat from the ocean or operate airplanes by... Problem 7CQ: Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages of heat pumps and electric heating. Problem 8CQ: The energy output of a heat pump is greater than the energy used to operate the pump. Why doesn't... Problem 9CQ: Speculate as to why nuclear power plants are less efficient than fossil-fuel plants based on... Problem 10CQ: An ideal gas goes from state (pi,vi,) to state (pf,vf,) when it is allowed to expand freely. Is it... Problem 11CQ: To increase the efficiency of a Carnot engine, should the temperature of the hot reservoir be raised... Problem 12CQ: How could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency? Problem 13CQ: What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle? Problem 14CQ: Does the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for each cycle? Problem 15CQ: Is it possible for a system to have an entropy change if it neither absorbs nor emits heat during a... Problem 16CQ: Are the entropy changes of the system in the following processes positive or negative? (a) water... Problem 17CQ: Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of Question 21.10 in terms of disorder. Problem 18P: A tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is at temperature 82.0 and absolute pressure... Problem 19P: A mole of ideal monatomic gas at 0 and 1.00 atm is warmed up to expand isobarically to triple its... Problem 20P: A mole of an ideal gas at pressure 4.00 atm and temperature 298 K expands isothermally to double its... Problem 21P: After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a mole of ideal diatomic gas is compressed back to... Problem 22P: An engine is found to have an efficiency of 0.40. If it does 200 J of work per cycle, what are the... Problem 23P: In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine discharges 50.0 J of heat. What is the efficiency of the... Problem 24P: An engine with an efficiency of 0.30 absorbs 500 J of heat per cycle. (a) How much work does it... Problem 25P: It is found that an engine discharges 100.0 J while absorbing 125.0 J each cycle of operation. (a)... Problem 26P: The temperature of the cold reservoir of the engine is 300 K. It has an efficiency of 0.30 and... Problem 27P: An engine absorbs three times as much heat as it discharges. The work done by the engine per cycle... Problem 28P: A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per hour and produces 500 MW of power. If the heat of... Problem 29P: A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3.0. (a) If it requires 200 J of work per cycle,... Problem 30P: During one cycle, a refrigerator removes 500 J from a cold reservoir and discharges 800 J to its hot... Problem 31P: If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle and its coefficient of performance is 6.0, what... Problem 32P: A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3.0. (a) If it requires 200 J of work per cycle,... Problem 33P: The temperature of the cold and hot reservoirs between which a Carnot refrigerator operates are 73 ... Problem 34P: Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc and Th . Calculate the amount of work required to... Problem 35P: A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 600 and 300 K. If the engine absorbs 100 J per cycle... Problem 36P: A 500-W motor operates a Carnot refrigerator between 5 and 30 . (a) What is the amount of heat per... Problem 37P: Sketch a Carnot cycle on a temperature-volume diagram. Problem 38P: A Carnot heat pump operates between 0 and 20 . How much heat is exhausted into the interior of a... Problem 39P: An engine between heat reservoirs at 20 and 200 extracts 1000 J per cycle from the hot reservoir.... Problem 40P: Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between two reservoirs as either a heat engine or a... Problem 41P: A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature of a heat reservoir. The engine operates between... Problem 42P: What is the minimum work required of a refrigerator if it is to extract 50 J per cycle from the... Problem 43P: Two hundred joules of heat are removed from a heat at a temperature of 200 K. What is the entropy... Problem 44P: In an isothermal reversible expansion at 27 , an ideal gas does 20 J of work. What is the entropy... Problem 45P: An ideal gas at 300 K is compressed isothermally to one-fifth its original volume. Determine the... Problem 46P: What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100 when it condenses to water at the same... Problem 47P: A metal is used to conduct heat between two reservoirs at temperatures Th and Tc , respectively.... Problem 48P: For the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the entropy change of the hot reservoir, the cold... Problem 49P: A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is placed in a lake whose temperature is 15 .... Problem 50P: One mole of an ideal gas doubles its volume in a reversible isothermal expansion. (a) What is the... Problem 51P: One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is confined to a rigid container. When heat is added reversibly... Problem 52P: (a) A 5.0-kg rock at a temperature of 20 is dropped into a shallow lake also at 20 from a height... Problem 53P: A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at... Problem 54P: Fifty grams of water at 20 is heated until it becomes vapor at 100 . Calculate the change in... Problem 55P: Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor at 100 . What is the change in entropy of the... Problem 56P: In an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol of monoatomic ideal gas whose temperature increases... Problem 57P: Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact with a heat reservoir at 80 . After thermal... Problem 58P: Suppose that the temperature of the water in the previous problem is raised by fist bringing it to... Problem 59P: Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact into thermal equilibrium successively with... Problem 60P: (a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice absorbs heat from the air (just above 0 ) until all... Problem 61P: The Carnot cycle is represented by the temperature-entropy diagram shown below. (a) How much heat is... Problem 62P: A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs at 500 and 300 K absorbs 1500 J per cycle at the... Problem 63P: A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a cyclic process shown below. Find the change in... Problem 64P: A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency... Problem 65P: A Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while discharging 200 J of heat each cycle. After temperature... Problem 66P: A Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air, which is at a temperature of 25 . How much is used... Problem 67AP: A 300-W heat pump operates between the ground, whose temperature is 0 , and the interior of a house... Problem 68AP: An engineer must design a refrigerator that does 300 J of work per cycle to extract 2100 J of heat... Problem 69AP: A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as a working substance, which is considered as an... Problem 70AP: A 5.0-kg wood block starts with an initial speed of 8.0 m/s and slides across the floor until... Problem 71AP: A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic ideal gas is cooled at constant pressure from a... Problem 72AP: A glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of water at 27 . The beaker is heated reversibly so that... Problem 73AP: A Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 baths and produces 300 kJ of energy in each cycle.... Problem 74AP: An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the left half of an insulating container of volume V... Problem 75AP: A 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped into 1.0 kg of water at 20 . After equilibrium is... Problem 76AP: Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of water at 60 . What is the total change in entropy of... Problem 77AP: A heat engine operates between two temperatures such that the working substance of the engine... Problem 78AP: A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical energy while operating between two thermal baths of... Problem 79AP: A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per hour and produces 500 MW of power. If the heat of... Problem 80AP: A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 .... Problem 81AP: A Carnot engine working between two heat baths of temperatures 600 K and 273 K completes each cycle... Problem 82AP: A Carnot cycle working between 100 and 30 is used to drive a refrigerator between 10 and 30 .... Problem 83CP: (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added reversibly to a system. By combining the first and second... Problem 84CP: Using the result of the preceding problem, show that for an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic... Problem 85CP: With the help of the two preceding problems, show that S between states 1 and 2 of nmoles an ideal... Problem 86CP: A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and 20 . The valve is leaky, and all the gas slowly... Problem 87CP: A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial equilibrium state at p1=0.50 atm and T1=300K to a... Problem 88CP: The gasoline internal combustion engine operates in a cycle consisting of six parts. Four of these... Problem 89CP: An ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle consists of five strokes. In this case, only air is... Problem 90CP: Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the Brayton cycle, shown below. Find the formula for... Problem 91CP: Derive a formula for the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator using an ideal gas as a... Problem 92CP: Two moles of nitrogen gas, with =7/5 for ideal diatomic gases, occupies a volume of 102 m3 in an... Problem 93CP: A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 is used to cool a bucket of water containing 102... Problem 91CP: Derive a formula for the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator using an ideal gas as a...
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It's a thermodynamics question.
Transcribed Image Text: (b) Show that, on a P-V diagram, adiabats are always steeper than isotherms. That is,
prove that
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Science that deals with the amount of energy transferred from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.
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